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TL CAL Short Stack
Bronchitis/Emphysema/Asthma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What pathophysiological changes would be experienced by the client with bronchitis (6)? | chronic sputum/cough (>3mo.s/yr), chronic hypoxemia, cor pulmonale, increase in mucous/cilia production, increased bronchial wall thickness, reduced respiratory center response to hypoxemia |
| Who is most at risk for bronchitis? | higher incidence in smokers |
| Give 5 assessment findings that would describe a “blue bloater”. | Generalized cyanosis, right sided heart failure, distended neck veins, crackles, expiratory wheezes |
| Name 5 nursing interventions that help the client with bronchitis. | baseline ABGs, lowest FIO2 possible to prevent Co2 retention, monitor for fluid overload, maintain Po2 between 55 and 60, Teach pursed lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing, teach tripod position |
| Describe the pathophysiological changes experienced by the client with emphysema (5). | reduced gas exchange surface area, increased air trapping, increased AP diameter, decreased capillary network, increase work of breathing/O2 consumption |
| Name 3 predisposing factors for emphysema. | smoking, environmental/occupational exposure, genetic |
| Describe the expected assessment finding associated with a “pink puffer”(5). | barrel chest, pursed lip breather, distant/quiet breath sounds, wheezes, pulmonary blebs on radiograph |
| What nursing interventions are required to help the patient with emphysema? | Lowest Fio2 to prevent Co2 retention, monitor for fluid overload, Pao2 between 55 and 60, baseline ABGs, teach pursed lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing, teach tripod position |
| Define the pathophysiologic changes a person with asthma experiences during an attack. | narrowing of the airway due to a variety of irritants |
| Name several factors that could precipitate an asthma attack (abb ii vq me re eee). | mucosal edema, V/Q abnormalities, Increased work of breathing, beta blockers, respiratory infection, allergic reaction, emotional stress, exercise, environmental/occupational exposure, reflux esophagitis |
| Define V/Q. | Ratio of ventilation (V) to perfusion (Q). Ventilation refers to the air that reaches the alveoli. Perfusion refers the blood that reaches the alveoli. |
| What assessment findings are typical of the asthmatic patient(3)? | dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness |
| What are two relevant pieces of information would the nurse want to get about the asthmatic patient? | precipitating factors and medication history |
| What nursing interventions would help the asthmatic client (5 administer, assess, teach)? | administer: bronchodilators, fluids, and humidification, ABGs, ventilatory patterns, teach about causes and medication regimen |
Created by:
Perseverandovercome
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