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Capitalism
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GEOG 1101 Chp. 1
key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accessibility | defined in terms of relative location: opportunity for contact or interaction from a given point or location in relation to other locations. |
| Capitalism | a form of economic and social organization characterized by the profit motive & the control of the means of production, distribution, & the exchange of goods by private ownership. |
| Cognitive distance | the distance that people perceive to exist in a given situation. |
| Cognitive image | psychological representations of locations that are made up from people's individual ideas and impressions of these locations. |
| Cognitive space | space defined and measured in terms of the nature and degree of people's values, feelings, beliefs, & perceptions about locations, districts & regions. |
| Distance-decay function | rate at which a particular activity or process diminishes with increasing distance. |
| Economies of scale | cost advantages to manufacturers that accrue from high-volume production, since the average cost of production falls with increasing output. |
| Formal region | groups of areal units that have a high degree of homogeneity in terms of particular distinguishing features. |
| Friction of distance | the deterrent or inhibiting effect of distance on human activity. |
| Functional regions | regions with some variability in certain attributes but with an overall coherence to the structure and dynamics of economic, political, & social organization. |
| Geodemographic research | uses census data and commercial data (such as sales data & property records)about the populations of small districts in creating profiles of those populations for market research. |
| Geographical imagination | the capacity to understand changing patterns, changing processes, & changing relationships among people, places, & regions. |
| Geographic information systems (GIS) | an organized collection of computer hardware, software, & geographic data that is designed to capture, store, update, manipulate, & display geographically referenced information. |
| Global positioning system (GPS) | system of satellites that orbit the Earth on precisely predictable paths, broadcasting highly accurate time and locational information. |
| Globalization | the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common process of economic, environmental, political, & cultural change. |
| Human geography | study of the spatial organization of human activity & of people’s relationships with their environments. |
| Identity | the sense that people make of themselves through their subjective feelings based on their everyday experiences & wider social relations. |
| Infrastructure (or fixed social capital) | the underlying framework of services & amenities needed to facilitate productive activity |
| Latitude | the angular distance of a point on Earth’s surface, measured north or south from the equator, which is 0 degrees. |
| Longitude | the angular distance of a point on Earth’s surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian [passes through Greenwich, England. |
| Neo-liberal policies | economic policies that are predicated on a minimalist role for the state, assuming the desirability of free markers as the ideal condition not only for economic organization but also for political and social life. |
| Physical geography | a sub-area that studies the Earth’s natural processes & their outcomes. |
| Region | larger-sized territory that encompasses many places, all or most of which share similar attributes in comparison with the attributes of places elsewhere. |
| Regional geography | study of the ways in which unique combinations of environmental & human factors produce territories with distinctive landscapes & cultural attributes. |
| Remote sensing | collection of info about parts of the Earth’s surface by means of aerial photography or satellite imagery designed to record data on visible, infrared, & microwave sensor systems. |
| Sense of place | feelings evoked among people as a result of the experiences & memories that they associate with a place, & to the symbolism that they attach to it. |
| Site | the physical attributes of a location ---- its terrain, its solid, vegetation, & water sources, for example. |
| Situation | the location of a place relative to other places & human activities. |
| Social relations | |
| Spatial analysis | the study of geographic phenomena in terms of their arrangement as points, lines, areas or surfaces on a map. |
| Spatial diffusion | the way that things spread through space and over time. |
| Spatial interaction | the movement and flows involving human activity. |
| Supernational organization | the collections of individual states with a common goal that may be economic &/or political in nature; such organizations diminish, to some extent, individual stare sovereignty in favor of the group interest of the membership. |
| Time- space convergence | the rate at which places move closer together in travel or communication time or costs. |
| Topological space | the connections between, or connectivity of, particular points in space. |
| Expansion diffusion | |
| Hierarchical diffusion |
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kbtwomey
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