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TL Influenza LAG

Influenza LAG

QuestionAnswer
Define influenza. acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, usually seasonal
What populations are most at risk for influenza? Very young, elderly, institutional setting, chronic diseases like: immunosuppressed/compromised, CV/respiratory disorder, diabetes, cirrhosis, CRF
When was the first flu virus identified? 1930
Name the types of flu virus and their characteristics. Type A – most prevelant, associated with most serious epidemics, greater ability to mutate; Type B – can reach epidemic levels, usually milder; type C – never connected with a large epidemic
Which populations have the highest mortality rates associated with influenza (2)? Elderly and very young
Which type of influenza is responsible for pandemics and local epidemics? type A
How is influenza primarily transmitted? aerosol
Define aerosol transmission. Cloud or mist of liquid droplets containing pathogenic particles dispersed by coughing or sneezing
Name 10 clinical manifestations of influenza (F S H Ci R No M St L M Cunp) . Fever, Sweating, HA, Conjunctival irritation, rhinitis, nasal obstruction, general malaise, sore throat, laryngitis, myalgia, cough (usually non productive)
What chest findings are associated with influenza? usually none unless pneumonia
How long can an influenza infection last? up to 10 days
What complications does influenza predispose a person to? viral bronchitis, viral or bacterial pneumonia, superinfection, guillain barre or exacerbation
Defien Guillain Barre. ascending acute demylinating polyneuropathy usually triggered by an acute infection – weakness starts in hands and feet and migrates toward the trunk
How could the clinician differentiate between influenza and the common cold? influenza is different because it comes on suddenly and affects a larger population – cold symptoms come on more slowly, usually don’t have fever or malaise, and tend to involve nasal manifestations
What two symptoms are necessary for the diagnosis of influenza? fever and cough
How long is influenza contagious? for 2-3 days from the beginning of symptoms
Name two diagnostic tests for influenza. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody test and serologic diagnosis based on fourfold rise in antibody titers
Describe hemagglutination inhibition antibody tests. blood and antibody in question are mixed together. If the red blood cells have antigen to the antibody they won’t stick together.
Discuss interventions for influenza. Based on manifestations, mostly supportive: relieve fever, myalgia, and cough
Name two drugs used for influenza. Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
What type of influenza does Rimantidine treat? Uncomplicated type A
Discuss the timing of administration, method of administration, and therapeutic action of Zanamivir (Relenza). administration within 24 hours of onset prevent massive multiplication of virus
When should Rimantadine be taken and how does it help? Rimantadine taken within 48 hours after onset reduces the duration of fever and other manifestations and allows client to return to their daily routines more quickly
What intervention do we recommend to at risk patients to avoid influenza? annual influenza vaccine, stay home/away from crowds, frequent handwashing, cover nose/mouth to cough
What groups should have annula influenza vaccine? >65 and chronic illness
How long does it take for development of full antibody complement after influenza vaccine? 6-8 weeks
Who should not have influenza vaccine? allergic to vaccine, eggs, or Hx of Guillain – Barre
Define the use of Symmetrel in the treatment of influenza. Symmetrel is given to high risk clients early in the course of an outbreak to help prevent or decrease symptoms or to those with allergy to influenza vaccine
What should the nurse watch for to prevent complications of influenza? Careful observation of CV/Pulmonary systems in those with hx of illness and for bacterial superinfection with administration of antibiotics
How is influenza spread? aerosol
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