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U.S. History Vocab
ch 3 and 4 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protestant ethic | Commitment by Puritans, seriously dwelled on working and pursuing worldy affairs. |
| Mayflower Compact - 1620 | Contract by voyagers on Mayflower agreeing simple government, majority rule |
| Fundamental Orders | 1639: Connecticut River colony settlers, democratic gov., first constitution in colonies |
| Separatists | Pilgrims from Holland in 1620's traveled on Mayflower. Pure, extreme Pilgrims, too strong to be discouraged by minor troubles |
| Navigation Laws | In the 1660's England restricted the colonies; They couldn't trade with other countries. The colonies were only allowed to trade with England. |
| The Puritans | group of religious reformists who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church. started with John Calvin in the 16th century and they first began to leave England in 1608. |
| General Court | a Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's |
| Pilgrims | Separatists; worried by "Dutchification" of their children they left Holland on the Mayflower in 1620; they landed in Massachusetts; they proved that people could live in the new world |
| New England Confederation | Union of four colonies, two Massachusetts colonies Union of four colonies consisting of the two Massachusetts colonies. The purpose of the confederation was to defend against enemies such as the Indians, French, Dutch, and prevent interco |
| Calvinism | Set of beliefs that the Puritans followed. Virtues of simple worship, strict morals, pre-destination and hard work. |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major trading center, and absorbed the Plymouth community |
| Dominion of New England | In 1686, New England, in conjunction with New York and New Jersey, consolidated under the royal authority -- James II. Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. |
| Predestination | Primary idea behind Calvinism; states that salvation or damnation are foreordained and unalterable; first put forth by John Calvin in 1531; was the core belief of the Puritans who settled New England in the seventeenth century. |
| Freemen | colonial period; term used to describe indentured servants who had finished their terms of indenture and could live freely on their own land. |
| visible saints | A religious belief developed by John Calvin held that a certain number of people were predestined to go to heaven by God. This belief in the elect, or "visible saints," figured a major part in the doctrine of the Puritans who settled in NE 1600's |
| covenant | A binding agreement made by the Puritans whose doctrine said the whole purpose of the government was to enforce God's laws. This applied to believers and non-believers. |
| Protestant Reformation | The Protestant Revolution was a religious revolution, during the 16th century. It ended the supremacy of the Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant Churches. Martin Luther and John Calvin were influential in the PR |
| Sir Edmond Andros | Head of the Dominion of New England in 1686, disliked by the colonists because of his affiliation with the Church of England, tried to flee America after England's Glorious Revolution, but was caught and shipped to England |
| The Elect | John Calvin and the Puritans souls who have been destined for eternal bliss or eternal torment; since the beginning of time ; it was discussed by John Calvin in "Institutes of the Christian Religion" |
| Patroonship | Patroonship was vast Dutch feudal estates fronting the Hudson River in the early 1600's. They were granted to promoters who agreed to settle fifty people on them. |
| King Philip II | He was king of Spain during 1588. During this year he sent out his Spanish Armada against England. He lost the invasion of England. Philip II was also the leader against the Protestant Reformation. |
| John Cotton | a puritan who was a fiery early clergy educated at Cambridge University, emigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution by the church of England. He defended the government's duty to enforce religious rules. |
| Henry Hudson | Discovered what today is known as the Hudson River. Sailed for the Dutch even though he was originally from England. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America. |
| William Bradford | A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth Rock in 1620. He was chosen governor 30 times. He also conducted experiments of living in the wilderness and wrote about them; well known for "Of Plymouth Plantation." |
| Peter Stuyvesant | A Dutch General; He led a small military expedition in 1664. He was known as "Father Wooden Leg". Lost the New Netherlands to the English. He was governor of New Netherlands |
| Thomas Hooker | 1635; a Boston Puritan, brought a group of fellow Boston Puritans to newly founded Hartford, Connecticut. |
| William Penn | English Quaker;" Holy Experiment"; persecuted because he was a Quaker; 1681 he got a grant to go over to the New World; area was Pennsylvania; "first American advertising man"; freedom of worship there |
| John Winthrop | John Winthrop immigrated from the Mass. Bay Colony in the 1630's to become the first governor and to led a religious experiment. He once said, "we shall be a city on a hill." |
| John Calvin | John Calvin was responsible for founding Calvinism, which was reformed Catholicism. He writes about it in "Institutes of a Christian Religion" published in 1536. He believed God was all knowing and everyone was predestined for heaven or hell. |
| Anne Hutchinson | A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that Christians are not bound by moral law. |
| Roger Williams | He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for challenging Puritan ideas. He later established Rhode Island and helped it to foster religious toleration. |
| Jeremiads | Puritan preachers noticed a decline in the religious devotion of second-generation settlers. To combat, they preached a type of sermon called the jeremiad. The jeremiads focused on the teachings of Jeremiah |
| Middle Passage | middle segment of the forced journey that slaves made from Africa to America throughout the 1600's; it consisted of the dangerous trip across the Atlantic Ocean; many slaves perished on this segment of the journey. |
| Bacon's Rebellion | In 1676, Bacon, a young planter led a rebellion against people who were friendly to the Indians. In the process he torched Jamestown, Virginia and was murdered by Indians. |
| Leisler's Rebellion | an ill- starred bloody insurgency in New York City took place between landholders and merchants. |
| Halfway Covenant | A Puritan church document; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members |
| William Berkeley | He was a British colonial governor of Virginia from 1642-52. He showed that he had favorites in his second term which led to the Bacon's rebellion in 1676 ,which he ruthlessly suppressed. He had poor frontier defense. |
| Headright system | way to attract immigrants; gave 50 acres of land to anyone who paid their way and/or any plantation owner that paid an immigrants way; mainly a system in the southern colonies. |
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