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American Indian Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kateri Tekakwitha | 17th-century Mohawk, declared venerable (a title given to a deceased person who has attained a certain degree of sanctity but has not been fully beatified or canonized—declared a saint) by the Roman Catholic Church. In 1980, she is declared blessed |
| Métis (New France--Canada): | mixed children/ blood. Were often translators since either side of their family did not trust them because they were a reminder of the transformation. |
| Toy Purina (1785): | Represents a significant challenge to male authority. A healer—respected person. Gathers together a group of men to assemble an attack against the Spanish Missionaries at San Gabriel Mission. |
| Mechoopda: | Native Chico Indians. |
| Powhatan War (1622-44): | Jamestown,Virginia. The English settlers wanted to build and maintain a relationship with chief Powhatan, who supplied corn. Pocahontas. Tensions grew (tobacco crop) and fighting broke out between the two groups. Openchanough led the “Virginia massacre” a |
| Influenza (1559) | An invisible viral infection that made it possible for Europeans to move to the US so quickly |
| Praying Villages: | Surrounded non-native population and were the exterior where converted Native American Indians lived. Protestant |
| Oral Literatures | Indians are non-literate. Rely on oral texts that are passed on from generation to generation by tribal elders to children. |
| Henry Dobyns | estimated the North American native population to be 9.8 million in 1966 and 18 million in 1984. |
| Worldview | the way people view their interactions with people, objects, and circumstances—philosophy about life. |
| Proclamation Line of 1763 (along Appalachian Mountains) | established boundaries for the colonies and created a dividing line between the Indians and non-Indians lands, with the intentions of permanently separating the two populations. Indians were not allowed to cross it. Non-natives could cross->settle lands. |
| Ethnohistory | the branch of anthropology concerned with the history of peoples and cultures, esp. non-Western ones. |
| Pope Innocent IV | Sends letter to Mongols about becoming a Christian (my job as a Christian is to save your soul and to benefit mine) |
| The Requirement (requiermiento) | required Indians to “acknowledge the Church as the Ruler and Superior of the whole world,” the pope as high priest, and the king and queen of Spain as lords of their lands. If the Indians did convert->good, if they didn’t->severely punished. not at fault |
| Hudson’s Bay Company (1670) | trade company chartered by British. Traded for furs with the Indians after 1670. Longest still in existence |
| Catlinite | red clay |
| Customary Law | Form of government included a Headman who did not act as a chief (European term). Instead he was more of a mediator and monitor of the tribe. The power rested with the people |
| Fr. Júnipero Serra | believed that American Indians needed to adapt to European norms of living (religion) |
| California Culture Area | California was the most diverse place in North America for Indians, however there is no way of knowing how many tribes there are because they were spread everywhere. The other two most populated places are the Pacific Northwest and Florida. The tribes wer |
| Nadir Population Figure | (1890) 248,000 |
| Cahokia | Largest and most famous temple mount site. Resides in Illinois, near St. Louis. Contained 85 temples and burial mounds (evidence of mass human sacrifice—First Peoples, 36) and sustained a population of 30,000 people (Atlas, 31) |
| The Pequot War | A Puritan army broke Pequot resistance in a surprise attack on the main village in 1637 and burned [the Pequots] main village. The English hunted down the survivors, executing some, selling women and children into slavery, and handling over others to the |
| Mary Jemison | Captured and adopted by the Senecas as a teenages in 1758, married an Indian husband and raised a family. Changed the view of Indian life. Life wasn’t as hard as it would have been in England. |
| Deforestation | Leads to a change in flood pattern, hotter climate and erosion. |
| Wesorts (Maryland) | were not descendents from any tribe |
| Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) | denounced the governor’s Indian policies as too lenient so he led Virginians in a series of attack on Indians in the colony. As a result, several small reservations were established for the survivors of the tribes of the once powerful Powhatan chiefdom. |
| Saynday | Kiowa culture hero. Met “Small Pocks” and steered him away from the Kiowa to the Pawnee |
| Pontiac (c.1720-69) Ottawa Indian Chief | He is credited with organizing and leading a rebellion (refused to accept the conditions of peace that Britain imposed and France accepted) against the British, during which he led a yearlong siege of Fort Detroit 1763–64.peace=1766 |
| Bartolomé de Las Casas | |
| Popé | medicine man from San Juan Pueblo |
| Promyshlenniki | Russian traders of fur |
| Joseph Brant (Mohawk) | Side with British, best chance to have rights protected He was bilingual and literate and assisted in translating the gospel into Mohawk. He became a war leader on the British side during the Revolution and led his people to the Grand River after the war. |
| Umiak | a wooden Eskimo boat (Atlas, 64) |
| Fr. Jean de Brebeuf | One of the first Jesuit missionaries. He went to Huronia in 1626 and lived in the village of Toanche for 3 years and again in 1634 where he spent the rest of his life |
| Repartimiento | Laborers owe a tax. Defined American Indians as labor to be exploited. |
| Pueblo Rebellion/War of Independence | Regarded as one of the most effective Indian resistance movements in American history. Pueblos blamed misfortune on the Spaniards messing with their religion. After multiple revolts, the Spaniards learned to govern with less of an iron hand by reducing de |
| French and Indian /Seven Year’s War | France's Canadian colonies and American Indian allies were pitted against Britain and its American colonies. It started off with Washington going to the Ohio Valley to see what the French were up to. He returned with a band of Indian warriors led by Tana |
| Pope Innocent IV's Justification | Western Europeans have the Truth (the Bible) We have knowledge on our side Power that is divinely oriented (monarchy is chosen by God) What are my moral obligations? Universal Christian Commonwealth: right of Pope to bring people under his leade |
| Intercultural mediators | were sometimes the product of liaisons between Natives and non-Natives. Often had to pass between markedly different cultures |
| Mary Jemison | believed that Indians were naturally kind toward their friends and alcohol was a destructive force among them |
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