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Ch. 11 & 12 Notes AD

Chapter 11 and 12 study notes

QuestionAnswer
Atoms All things are made up of atoms.
Parts of an Atom The Nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.
Protons This particle has a positive charge.
Neutrons This particle has no charge. (neutral)
Opposites attract + attracts – and vice versa
Electrons These particals have negative charges.
Electron Cloud Area where electrons are found
Mass an electrons mass is much smaller than protons or neutrons
Volume the electron clouds make up most of the volume
Overall charge neutral because there are as many protons as electrons
Three Subatomic Particles Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Element an element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical mean.
Number of Protons the number of protons determines what kind of element it is.
Number of Elements There are over 100 types of elements and about 90 of the element are found in nature.
Smallest Unit of an Element an atom is the smallest unit of an element.
Bonding atoms Sharing or joining together of electrons.
Molecule Group of two or more atoms held together by a very strong chemical bond. Two of the same atoms can join together to for a molecule
Compounds Are pure substances made up of two or more different elements that are chemically joined. Compounds can only be separated by chemical reactions.
Properties of a Molecule .Properties of compounds can be very different than the elements used to create them.
Identifying Compounds, Molecules, and Elements Compounds, Molecules, and Elements are represented by chemical formulas.
Periodic Table of Elements Presents and organizes information about all the elements.
How the Periodic Table is Organized Elements with similar properties are grouped closer together.
Atomic Number The Atomic Number tells how many protons and electrons are in that element.
Atomic Mass Measured in AMU, the atomic mass s protons + neutrons
Boxes in the Periodic Table each box is a model of the atom it stands for.
Period the horizontal rows in the periodic table, Periods are numbered 1-7
Groups a vertical column in the periodic table. Groups are numbered 1-18. Elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer level.
Metals More than 75% of the periodic table is metals. Metals are located to the left of the dark step like line on the periodic table. They are usually shiny, malleable, and ductile and solid at room temperature.
Nonmetals Elements that are not metal. The nonmetals include al the elements in Groups 17 and 18 and some elements in Groups 14, 15, and 16located above or to the right of the step like line. Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
Metalloids Substances that have some characteristics of metals and nonmetals. The metalloids are located along the step like line of the periodic table in Groups 13, 14, 15, and 16. The metalloids are Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, and Tellurium.
Alkali Metals soft enough to be cut with a knife. the density is so low that Lithium, sodium, and Potassium are less dense than water. most Reactive type of metals. React violently with water.
Alkaline Earth Metals Not As reactive as Alkali Metals. The Alkaline-earth metal magnesium is often mixed with other metals to create low-density materials often used in airplanes.
Transition Metals Not as Reactive as Alkali or Alkaline-earth metals. good conductors of thermal energy and electrical current. higher densities and melting points.
Boron Group reactive and solid at room temperature
Carbon Group Some are reactive and some arent. Also solid at room temperature.
Nitrogen Group All but nitrogen are solid at room temperature. Some are reactive and some arent.
Oxygen group All but oxygen are solid at room temperature. They are reactive.
Halogens Poor conductors of electrical current. react violently with Alkali metals. Never found uncombined in nature.
Noble Gases Colorless and oderless gasses at room temperature.
hydrogen Group colorless, oderless gasses at room temperature, low density, reacts explosively with oxygen.
Created by: PhySciLewis1
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