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Pharmacology U3

QuestionAnswer
drug-related problem seen when the same amount of drug produces less effect over time tolerence
nursing interventions when giving pain meds ask about pain regularly; assess pain systematically; believe the pt and family in their reports of pain and what relieves it; choose pain-control options appropriate for the pt, family, and setting; deliver pain meds on time; empower pt; enable control
signs/symptoms of overdose sleepiness, respiratory depression
precautions of narcotic agonist CNS depressant may be increased by other narcotics or alcohol,antianxiety agents, barbiturates, anesthetics, nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics, phenothiazines, skeletal muscle relaxants, trycyclic antidepressants; increase or decrease effects of other med
side effects of pain meds in general; nursing interventions to help prevent tolerence; dependence; withdrawal symptoms - changes physically or psychologically when drug is stopped or decreased
scale of 1-10 to assess where pt is with pain; use face chart with pediatrics pain scale
pain relief with and without medications
abnormal dilation of the pupil; sphincter of the iris is paralyzed; ciliary muscles are paralyzed, blocking accomodation (switching from near to far vision and back), or adjustment focus of the eye. mydriasis
antipsoratics accelerate scaline and healing for chronic psoriasis (red scales all over) psoriasis
local anisthetics, artificial tears to lubricate eyes; decongestants; ocular itch; minor irritation; red eyes; adverse effects -burning, stinging, dryness, blurred vision, pup. dilation, IOP inc or dec; rebound congestion eye drops
antibiotics to control superficial infections of the ear; used for prohylaxis of infections in swimmers and for removing cerumen plugs; some are steroids otic routes
bath additives for treating widespread eruptions; examples are Aveeno, oatmeal bath, etc. colloidal solutions
emollients, foams, gels, for topical anesthesia or healing of rectal area; used for symptomatic relief of discomfort from hemorrhoids; pt may have sensitization to product anorectal route
used to sooth minor irritations in he mouth and throat; some release oxygen to provide cleansing; others contain anesthetic for pain; mouthwashes, sprays, solutions, troches, lozenges, disks oral route
Meds for dry mouth Salivart - saliva substitute; used to relieve dry mouthad throat; spray into mouth as needed
emollient; apply to skin to hydrate Vitamin E
Used for open wet dressings in inflammatory conditions of skin; cool and dry through evaporation, which causes local vasoconstriction; moisten dressing and apply multiple layers to prevent rapid drying and cooling; reapply every 15-30 min for 48 hrs Burow's solution
emollient; aspirin is the active ingredient; used creams for corns and calluses; apply directly to area daily for 2 weeks; check every 24 hours; discontinue if irritation salycylic acid
smoking cessation product; do not smoke and use - will cause sickness; Nicoderm CQ, Nicotrol nicotine patch
opioid analgesic; allergy, cold and cough remedy; antitussive; can be mixed with other drugs for combinatio effect; high-alert medication (can cause problems if not given correctly) codeine
opioid analgesic; has been taken off the market - not available in the US; causes pronounced respiratory depression; has longer 1/2 life than Naloxone (Narcan) - the antidote Fentanyl
Topical skin product used for acne; therapeutic results usually seen in 8-12 weeks Differen
scabicide/peliculocide; used only 1-2 applications; sprinkle lotion on dry hair and rub into scalp Elimite
burn preparation; topical antiinfective for burns; apply once or twice daily; no dressing required Silvadene
antiviral used for treatment of herpes simplex; oral forms available for cold sores; purine analogue Zovirax (acyclovir)
main opioid drug to which all other pain management drugs are compared; used a great deal in acute care and also in hospice setting for dying patients who have severe pain; produces sedation and euphoria; S/E sleepy, dry mouth, constipation morphine
anti-infective used topically for impetigo; also used intranasally; greatest effect agains streptococcus aureus Bactroban
acne product; cannot be prescribed if pregnancy test is not taken; causes severe birth defects Accutane
topical steroid; one of the few steroids that can be used safely on the face, axilla, and groin, and under the breasts; comes as ointment, cream, or lotion cortisone
antiglaucoma agent; beta blocker; most commonly used drug for open-angle glaucoma; artificial tears are usually used 15 minutes later timolol (Timoptic)
centrally acting analgesic; used mostly to relieve mild to moderate pain; used in combination with other products for pain along or when pain and fever are both present Ultram (tramadol)
non-narcotic centrally acting analgesic used mostly to relieve mild to moderate pain; also used in combinaton with other product fo pain alone or when pain and fever are both present; structurally related to methadone; can be addicitive Darvon-N (propoxyphene)
Can a person become addicted to Darvocet? Yes - less likely, but can be addictive
What are patients most afraid of when taking pain meds? Becoming addicted - people who become addicted are those who take the medicine with no pain when it isn't needed
synthetic narcotic analgesic used primarily in detox treatment, and maintenance of heroine addicts or for severe pain; used IM when taken for pain; highly addictive Methadone
narcotic antagonist that may be used to reverse overdoses of narcotics; can cause rebound effect when it wears off Narcan (naloxone)
narcotic agonist analgesic; minimizes side effects of morphine; maximizes analgesic effects Dilaudid
When should pain meds be taken? before pain gets too bad, especially after surgery
Should narcotics be given with head injuries? No - pt would need to stay awake; do not want them getting any more groggy than the head injury would already make them
non-narcotic centrally acting analgesic product mostly used to relieve mild to moderate pain, or in combination with other products for pain alone or for pain with fever; chemically similar to narcotics, but not as strong and not as high of an abuse risk propoxyphene (Darvon-N)
sometimes used in combination products (such as with codeine) for relief of moderate to severe pain of an acute origin, such as post-surgical or dental pain when a tooth is pulled; are addictive and should be used briefly acetominophen
synthetic narcotic analgesic with less potency than morphine; each dose of syrup should be taken in one-half glass of water, because if undiluted, it can exert a topical anasthetic effect on mucous membranes meperidine (Demerol)
antiviral eye drop; use one drop on ulcerated cornea of eye q2h while awake for a maximum of 9 drops/day Trifluridine (Viroptic)
topical anti-infective; comes as ointment; apply to infected area 3 times/day bacitracin (Neosporin)
for management of the symptoms of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients Gancyclovir
"-caine" drugs used for pain in eye (before suture removal or removal of foreign body) proporacaine (Alcaine)
Decrease in severity of pain. Patients who do not respond to one NSAID may respond to another ketorolac (Toradol)
Topical antifungal treatment of a variety of cutaneous fungal infections, including cutaneous candidiasis, tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), and tinea corporis (ringworm) Nystatin
Created by: akgalyean
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