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Religionhinduism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| brahman | the ultimate reality, the eternal, unchanging essence that underlines all things in the universe |
| dharma | religious merit, duty, or correct behavior (1st purusharthra) |
| sannyasi | a hindu who has renouced worldly life |
| moksha | release or liberation from the retributions ordinarily entailed by ones past deeds / becoming pure (4th purusharthra) |
| kirtan | community dancing, singing praises, and chanting to krishna |
| maya | appearance or illusion; the world that comes to us in our experience |
| rasa | transcendental bliss derived from an aesthetic experience associated with a religious painting or performance |
| atman | the essence of brahman that is present in the individual; he innermost self |
| avatar | a reincarnation of vishnu |
| samsara | the cycle of birth-death-rebirth |
| gopura | the entrance of a hindu temple; a gate tower |
| guru | a spiritual teacher deemed to be an expert in religious disciplines and an effective guide for one on a spiritual path |
| rishi | sage or visionary; the name given to the poets of the vedic hymns |
| yoga/yogi | one who practices a path of discipline or seeks union with the devine through hindu teachings |
| avidya | refers to ignorance; not seeing things as they truly are |
| yajna | a vedic sacrifice or offering to a deva performed by a brahmin |
| bhakti | the word used for devotion to and/or a love for a deity or ones guru |
| puja | ritual worship of the image of a god by offering food, flowers, music and prayers |
| deva | sanskrit word for god or deity - "the shining one" |
| karma | means "action" or "the consequences of ones actions" it refers to the moral law of cause and effect that determines the direction of rebirth |
| mahabharata | one of the 2 epics hindus speak of, this epic is the story of 2 groups of cousins going to war for the rulership of india (bharat) |
| ramayana | is one of 2 epics hindus speak about, its the story of lord rama sho has to conquer the demon ravana to restore peace to the world |
| hanuman | is the monkey god, son of the wind god,loyal server of vishnu |
| sita | ramas consort (wife) |
| jnana yoga | the path of knowledge; to join through knowledge |
| trimurti | brahma(the creator) vishnu(the preserver) shiva(the destroyer)- all are brahman(the absolute) |
| brahmin | preist class |
| brahma | the "creative aspect" of the trimurti; created the 4 castes - brahmin(priests), kshatriya(warriors/nobles), vaishya(artisans/buisness people), shudra(laborers/servants) |
| vishnu | the "perspective aspect" of the trimurti |
| shiva | the "destroyer aspect" of the trimurti; he destroys ignorance also the source of the ganjes river ; nataraja shiva "the lord of dance" |
| saraswati | brahmas consort(wife) |
| paravati | shivas consort(wife) |
| lakshmi | vishnus consort(wife) |
| chaitanya | vaishnavite, thought to be a reincarnation of krishna, he chanted the name of krishna and danced in ecstacy, hare krishna mantra |
| vaishnavism | krishna is worshipped as supreme god,its the largest denomination in hinduism |
| monism | monistic world-view The universe has one ultimate Essence;all things are reducible to this one ultimate Essence |
| rita(rta) | the fundamental law of the univers that governs and regulates everything including the devas (ex:gravity) the universe is an interdependent and orderly one; humans, gods, and nature are interdependent parts in a dynamic and orderly universe |
| shruti | means "what is heard" (the vedas) |
| rig-veda | the hymn veda |
| upanishads | philisophical books |
| aranyakas | forest books |
| yajur-veda | the formula veda |
| bhagavad-gita | "the song of the lord" 18 chapters (700 verses) its the 6th book of the mahabarata |
| arujna | 1 of 5 sons of pandu of the pandava clan. born into the kshatriya class, general of the pandava clan |
| krishna | an avatar of vishnu 1 of 10 |
| kama | material/sexual pleasure (3rd purushathra) |
| sama-veda | the song veda |
| nirguna brahman | brahman without qualities |
| surya | the sun god |
| agni | the fire god |
| indra | the storm god |
| veda | "sacred knowledge" |
| athar-veda | the spell veda |
| kama-sutra | pleasure "guide book" |
| saguna brahman | brahman with qualities |
| "the boston brahmins" | was a class for the "upper-class" families in boston.such as the writers: henry longfellow, james lowell, and oliver holmes NOT PRIESTS |
| walt whitman | he wrote "leaves of grass" and "passage to india" |
| natya shastra | is the oldest surviving text in the world on "stage crafts" it was revealed by brahma |
| brahmo samaj | the first reform movement founded in 1828 by ram mohan roy. he accepted some western science and social ethics and thought that all religions had the same center and essentially all religions are one. |
| arya samaj | this was the 2nd reform movement established in 1875 unlike the brahmo samaj, which accepted some social ethics and sciences from the western cultures, the arya samaj believed the vedas were the highest source of knowledge and ethics in the world |
| ram mohan roy | was the creator of the brahmo samaj in 1828, he rejected polytheism, samsara infanticide, sati, and child marriages. |
| sati | was practiced by recently widowed women would set themselves on fire at there husbands funeral. its been outlawed |
| samhita | collection |
| sanskrit | a sacred language brought india by indo-europeans and is the official language used in hinduism |
| polytheism | a belief in more than one deity or god |
| satyagraha | loosely translated as "soul force" it was a term formed by mahatmaghandi for his non-violent resistence. |
| purusharthas | refers to a goal or end or aim for human existance. there are 4 in hinduism- dharma,artha,kama,moksha |
| artha | material and/or financial prosperity as well as pursuit of meaning (2nd purushartha) |
| dayananda saraswati | started the arya samaj in 1875. he believed the vedas were the absolute truth and rejected anything post-vedic |
| ahimsa | nonviolent or "not killing" |
| mohandas k. ghandi | aka "mahatmaghandi" pioneer of the satyagraha-(truth force) or a mass movement of civil disobedience without violence. he led india to independence and inspired movements for freedom across the world. |
| arthur c clarke | he made the rama series, there were 4 parts rondevous with rama, rama 2, the garden of rama, rama revealed |
| maharishi mahesh yogi | he came to america in the 60s, and started the practice of "transcendental meditation" |
| swami satchidananda | came to america and started the "integral yoga institute" |
| ramakrishna | he was a guru to vivakananda. |
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