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Nutr. 67-75

Smelzer 67-75 Damelio

QuestionAnswer
Adol. girls have nutritional risks due to low rates of consumption of ___,___,___. iron, folate, calcium
BMI formula 703 x weight in pounds (divided by) height in inches squared.
Unhealthy waist circumference Men > 40 / Women > 35
Biochemical assessment reflects the ____ ____ of a given nutrient and any _____ in the metabolism of nutrients. tissue level / abnormality
Give 2 measures that reflect protein deficit in adults Low serum albumin and prealbumin levels
anergy the absence of an immune response to injection of small concentrations of recall antigen under the skin. Indicates malnutrition.
The state of nutrition is often reflected in a person's _____ _______. general appearance. Check hair, skin, gums, etc.
Methods of collecting dietary data (3) 1. 24 hour recall 2. Dietary interview (gives you a broader overview, depends on honesty and awareness) 3. Journal
An adult is said to be in ___ ____ when the nitrogen intake (from food) equals the nitrogen output. nitrogen equilibrium
Positive nitrogen balance Intake > output. Occurs during pregnancy, childhood, injury recovery.
Negative nitrogen balance Indicates tissue is breaking down faster than it is being taken in. Fever, starvation, surgery, burns.
1 gram of nitrogen lost represents _____ g protein or ____ g of muscle tissue. 6.25 or 25.Therefore a negative balance of 10 g/day for 10 days could mean loss of 5.5 pounds of muscle as it is converted to glucose for energy.
3 main food groups and their uses. Carbs (energy) Protein (tissue growth and repair Fats (cushion, fat soluble vitamins)
Analysis of Nutritional Status; use these 5 tools BMI, waist, biochemical, clinical and dietary data
3 Main food groups Carbs, protein, fat
Carbs ~ describe sub groups of fiber 1. insoluble (includes cellulose). Whole grains, veggies, apples. Increase fecal bulk, decrease transit time. 2. H20 soluble fibers: oat bran, meal, dried peas. Lower cholesterol, delay glucose uptake. Good for diabetics
Most North Americans eat how much of the recommended amount of protein? twice as much. Protein is an important key to the acid-base balance.
Types of special diets Regular - no modifications No Concentrated Sweets (NCS) – regulates sugar Diabetic - limits sugar intake & controls carbohydrates No Added Salt (NAS) - limits amount of salt
NPO Means.... NPO Non Per Os Latin for “nothing through the mouth” Never give resident anything to eat or drink by mouth
Mechanical soft NO Nos Mechanical Soft: NO, NO, NO, NO Dairy: yogurt with seeds/nuts Meat: unground, tough, fried meat, fried eggs, nuts, bacon Bread, Cereal, Rice & Pasta: Breads or rolls w/hard crusts, breads with seeds/nuts, rice if tolerated
Mechanical Soft cont Vegetables: no raw vegetables (salad), corn on the cob, potatoes with skins, olives with pits Fruits: no raw fruits except bananas Desserts: no coconut, nuts, seeds, chewy or tough desserts
Analysis of Nutritional Status; use these 5 tools BMI, waist, biochemical, clinical and dietary data
3 Main food groups Carbs, protein, fat
Carbs ~ describe sub groups of fiber 1. insoluble (includes cellulose). Whole grains, veggies, apples. Increase fecal bulk, decrease transit time. 2. H20 soluble fibers: oat bran, meal, dried peas. Lower cholesterol, delay glucose uptake. Good for diabetics
Most North Americans eat how much of the recommended amount of protein? twice as much. Protein is an important key to the acid-base balance.
Types of special diets Regular - no modifications No Concentrated Sweets (NCS) – regulates sugar Diabetic - limits sugar intake & controls carbohydrates No Added Salt (NAS) - limits amount of salt
MECHANICAL SOFT Overview NO nuts or seeds NO coconut NO fried foods (veggies, fish, eggs, etc.) NO salad NO raw fruits or veggies (except bananas) NO dried fruits NO bacon
Pureed All food is whipped smooth so it requires minimal manipulation Add soup broth or meat juice to change taste
Types of Liquids Thin – regular consistency (tap water) Nectar Thick Honey Thick Pudding Thick NO straws in thickened liquids Supplemental milkshakes are nectar thick and must be thickened for a Resident needing honey thick liquids
Thickened Liquids Mean… NO ice cream NO soft serve yogurt from the machine SOUPS: Cream soups are nectar thick. Broth-based soups need to be thickened
Straws..... In general, straws are NOT recommended for thick liquids because they require a lot of coordination . So, please, NO straws in nectar or honey water left in a Resident’s room.
FEEDING TECHNIQUES Identify the food items when presenting it Alternate food & drink: 2 bites and then 1 sip Fill spoon 1/3 full
Conditions that can make it hard to swallow Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) Parkinson’s Disease Stroke Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia Multiple Sclerosis Nerve & muscle damage Dental problems
DIFFICULTIES SWALLOWING DYSPHAGIA Difficulty chewing and swallowing ●PENETRATION Food or liquid goes to the level of the vocal chords but not below ●ASPIRATION Food or liquid gets inhaled into lungs
Diagnosis of dysphagia Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBS) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umnnA50IDIY&feature=related
Created by: Marshall3
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