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Tissues Biomed
Biomed Tissues lab practical flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epithelium | covers and lines body surfaces an cavities, organs lined and covered with it, not a lot of blood vessels, closely packed, not much intercellular material, protective or secretory, grown on basement membrane which provides structure for epithelium to grow |
| elastic cartilage | lots of elastin,bendy,outer ear,trachea,not alot of blood supply so it takes a long time to heal |
| red blood cells | erythrocytes, carry oxygen, no nucleus, bags of hemoglobin that carry oxygen to tissues, formed in bone marrow |
| cuboidal epithelium | boxy, secreting or absorbing, found in glands and tubules of kidneys |
| astrocyte | looks like stars,support cells that are responsibe to stimulat nerve cells to stimu stimulate and comunicate,found in brain |
| cartilage | support,cushioning,elasticity around the body, reduces friction,classified by what's around it(its matrix) |
| Stratified Squamous epithelium | layered,skin,deepest layers are cuboidal,as they are replaced by new younger tissues they get flat an dfilled with keratin. the top layer is dead |
| liquid connective tissue | blood,carries food, nutrients, gases , an doxygen to your cells and carries wastes away. |
| platelets | thrombocytes, fragment of a megakaryocite- found in bone marrow,fragments and then sends them out into your blood stream to clot with the white blood cells. |
| Neurons | irritable- respond to a stimulus, conducive- being able to pass on stimuli, large contral body consisting of a large nucleus, dendrites bring in infor and an axon takes info away |
| columnar epithelium | taller than it is broad,secretory,found in stomach and intestines,absorbes and secretes digestive material |
| Smooth Muscle | no striations,involuntary control,hair raising on the back of your neck or on arms(evolutionary throwback),moves food through digestive system and blood through veins,lines walls of organs and blood vessels |
| Nervous system tissue | sensory input goes in and motor goes out |
| ciliated columnar epithelium | layer of cilia on top,moves debris,in bronchi and fallopian tubes,smokers- tar covers the layer of cillia which makes them cough |
| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue | involved in movement,1.smooth,2.caridac,3.skeletal |
| cardiac muscle | only in heart,striated,intercalated discs which causes your heart to beat as a unit,involuntary |
| plasma | liquid portion of blood |
| Fibrous connective tissue | made of bundles of collagen which are study but not stretchy,makes up tendons and ligaments,L-bone to bone,T-muscle to bone,ligaments bend but they don't stretch |
| Fibrocartilage | full of fibers,in big joints,shoulder, hip, knees, vertebrate in back |
| bones | mostly minerals,-crow in concentric layers,-calcium phosphorous and magnesium,haversion canal system carries blood vessels, fat, etc.,most cells are dead |
| osteoblasts | laydown new bone |
| osteoclasts | shape th enew bone |
| connective tissue | connects one tissue to another,most widely distributed,supportive,most varied, provides strength,connects and hold you together |
| corpuscles | solid part of the blood, cells |
| white blood cells | leukocytes, helps immune system,large and elaborate nucleus,long lived |
| loose connective tissue | areolar,thick and thin fibers,thick-collagen ,a protein, bendy and flexable.,thin- elastin, stretchy,areolar connective tissue supports the structure of your nervous system and i,packed around your organs,fills spaces and is the packing peanut of the body |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | flat,big nucleus, sheet,secretory-mucusresponsible for decreasing like between moving organs or food in cheeks,found in endothelium- innermost layer of tissue in blood vessels,provides a surface for diffusion |
| hyaline cartilage | few fibers,found in small bone joints,cushions bones fromrubbing against other bones,nose and windpipe |
| skeletal muscle | runs next to bones,voluntary,striated,bundled,held together with connective tissue |
| adipose tissue | fat,insulation, padding,cell with just a huge vacuole filled with lipid,don't lose the cell , just the liped,most efficient way to store energy,accumulate around midline of body |
| Matrix | nonliving intracellular material that surrounds cells |
| Holds tissues together | desmosomes and other intercellular junctions |
| Histology | biology of tissues |
| Blastocyte | hollow ball of cells, what a zygote turns into |
| Primary germ layers | endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm |
| Gastrulation | blastocyte differentiates into the three primary germ layers |
| Histogenesis | primary germ layers differentiate into the tissues |
| Ectoderm | skin, linings, glands, nervous system |
| Mesoderm | muscles, skeleton, blood, organs, connective tissue |
| Endoderm | lining of digestive system, secretory, bladder, thyroid and parathyroid |
| Membranous epithelial tissues | cover body, line cavity, lines blood and lymphatic vessels |
| Glandular epithelial tissue | solid cords of follicles that form secreting in endocrine and exocrine glands |
| Functions of epithelial | protection, sensory functions (special cells in skin, eyes, nose, ears), secretion, absorption (digestive tract), excretion (kidneys) |
| Characteristics of epithelial tissue | limited intercellular matrix, densely packed, basement membrane, avascular, no blood vessels, must diffuse through capillaries, held by desmosomes and junctions |
| Membranous epithelial cells | squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified |
| Simple | single layer |
| Stratified | layered one on another |
| Transitional | differing cell shapes in layers |
| Simple squamous | 1 layer, diffusion and filtration, makes up endotherm (vessel linings) and mesothelium (lining of organs), decrease friction, provide place for diffusion |
| Simple cuboidal | 1layer of cuboidal, in kidneys |
| Simple columnar | stomach, intestines, uterus, uterine tubes, contains goblet cilia and microvili |
| Goblet | secretory vessel, mucus |
| Microvilli | in intestines, increase surface area in digestive tract for increased nutrient absorption |
| Basal lamina | glycoprotein excreted by epithelial cells, part of basement membrane |
| Reticular lamina | made of fibers produced by connective tissue |
| Integrins | connect epithelial cells to basement membrane |
| Pseudostratified columnar | air passages and male reproductive systems, ciliated |
| Stratified squamous keratinized | multiple layers of protection, skin |
| Non keratinized stratified squamous | vag. Mouth, esophagus, moist for protection |
| Stratified cuboidal | protection, in ducts and epiglottis |
| Stratified columnar | rare, anus, only top layers are columnar |
| Stratified transitional | bladder, meant to stretch, layers of cuboidal that turn stratified when stretched out |
| Glandular epithelium | secretory |
| Unicellular glandular epithelium | single cell |
| Multicellular glandular epithelium | clusters, cords of specialized follicles, classified by shape, tubular, alveolar (saclike) simple, (1 duct) or compound (2 or more ducts) |
| Apocrine | secretes products near top then releases it by pinching off distended end, destroys cell by a loss of cytoplasm, mammary glands |
| Holocrine | sebaceous glands, collects insides then ruptures, self destruction |
| Merocrine glands | discharge through cell or plasma membrane, no injury, most are this type, salivary glands |
| Connective tissue | most widely spread, supports, connects, transports and defends, made of collogenous, elastic or reticular fibers |
| Collagen fibers | tough, gelatin when hydrated ¼ of our protein, white |
| Reticular fibers | delicate, support capillaries, made of reticulin |
| Proteoglycons | glucosamine polysaccharide chains, defense, found in matrix |
| Areolar | not specialized, “like a small space” because bubbles during dissection. Sift this gen, hyaluronidase turns to liquid |
| Fibroblasts | synthesize ground substance and fibers |
| Macrophages | phagocytes, derived from white blood cells |
| Adipose | fewer mast, fibro and macrophages |
| Reticular tissue | 3-D web, spleen, lymphocyte and marrow, defense |
| Dense fibrous | few fibroblasts regular (parallel rows, tendons and ligaments, collagen fibers) irregular (dermis, intertwine) |
| Ligaments | made of elastic fibers |
| Tendons | made of collagen fibers |
| Irregular dense fibrous | forms a mat and make sup dermis=inner skin |
| Bone | also called osseous tissue, highly specialized, 65% salts=hardness |
| Osteon | haversion system |
| Lacunae | where bone cells are located in the concentric circles |
| Lamellae | bone matrix |
| Conaliculi | canals that connect each lacuna and osteocyte with blood vessels in haversion canals |
| Membrane bones | skull, formed within a membrane |
| Endochondral ossification | replacement of cartilage with bone |
| Cartilage | made of chondrocyte, have lacunae, avascular |
| Perichondrium | where blood is received from, in cartilage, causes it to heal slowly |
| Hyaline cartilage | “glass” shiny, low collagen, trachea bands and joints |
| Fibro cartilage | strongest, vertebrae and large joints, shock absorbers, lots of collage fibers |
| Elastic cartilage | few collagen fibers, lots of elastin, high flexibility, voice box and ears |
| Blood | transport nutrients and waste products; maintain pH, formed in red marrow |
| Hematopoietic tissue | formation of blood tissue |
| Smooth muscle is also called | visceral |
| Tissue repair | phagocitic cells remove dead or injured ones, collage fibers fill l in gap after cut, leaving a scar if too deep |
| Keloid | unusually thick scar in lower layer of skin |
| When muscle is injured | damaged muscle is replaced by fibrous tissue |
| Exocrine glandular epithelium | discharge secretions into ducts |
| Endocrine glandular epithelium | ductless, secreted into blood |
| Membrane | sheet like structure that performs an important function |
| Epithelial membrane | epithelial tissue + specialized connective |
| Cutaneous membrane | skin |
| Serous membrane | lines cavities not open to external environment like organs |
| Mucous membrane | open to exterior, respiratory, digestive and reproductive tract |
| Connective membrane | made of various types of connective tissue |
| Synovial membrane | spaces between bones and joints, excretes synovial fluid which is a lubrication and reduces friction, bursae |
| mast cell | filled with granules, histamine, allergic reactions |
| endothelium simple squamous cells | capable of changing permeability |
| keratinized stratified squamous aid in | preventing the loss of bodily fluid |
| cuboidal is found.... | covering the ovaries and in kidney tubules |
| connective tissue has many... | blood vessels, which aids in the distribution of nutrients |
| nongranular leukocytes | monocyte (blob with three humps) and lymphocyte (giant blob) |
| granular leukocytes | basophil(mickey mouse ears), neutrophil (three blobs connected by thin strands) and eosinophil (headphones, 2 blobs 1 strand) |
| fibrous connective tissue is found | parallel to bone, giving it its strength, called white fibrous, cover muscles |
| most common cartilage | hyaline, prone to wear and tear, fetal skeleton |
| dendrites | recieve and conduct impulses towards teh cell |
| axon | conducts impulses away fromt eh cell body and are generally called nerve fibers |
| collaterals | branches of axon |
| neuroglial cells | astrocytes, bind neurons together and suport neural structures, connective tissue of nervous system |
| two types of epithelium | membranous and glandular |
| glandular epithelium consists of... | columnar and cuboidal |
| epithelium of ovaries | columnar and goblet |
| epithelium of mouth | stratified squamous |
| epithelium of lungs | simple squamous |
| two basic components of connective tissue | cells and extra cellular fibers |
| connective tissue is the ....... | most diverse |
| epithelium in stomach | columnar |
| actual formation fo duct | invagination |
| tendons and ligaments are made of | fibrous connective tissue |
| minerals in the bones | calcium, magnesium, phosphorus |
| hyelin cartilage's makeup | gelatenous, no fibers |
| bone is also called | osseus tissue |
| connective tissue (cartilage) has.... | chondrocytes |
| specialized connective tissue | cartilage, bone, blood |
| cartilage | specialized cells in a matrix of extracellular fibers |
| bone is made of... | osteocytes and calcified cartilage |
| two types of bone tissue | spongy (spongiform) and compact (cancellous) |
| striations are... | the overlap of actin adn myosin fibers |
| nerve cells are | irritable and conducive |
| if it is mylinated... | it can move faster |
| in between schwann cells are | node of ranvier |
| covered in myelin in nerve cell... | schwann's cell |
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