Biomed Tissues lab practical flashcards
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| Epithelium | covers and lines body surfaces an cavities, organs lined and covered with it, not a lot of blood vessels, closely packed, not much intercellular material, protective or secretory, grown on basement membrane which provides structure for epithelium to grow
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| elastic cartilage | lots of elastin,bendy,outer ear,trachea,not alot of blood supply so it takes a long time to heal
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| red blood cells | erythrocytes, carry oxygen, no nucleus, bags of hemoglobin that carry oxygen to tissues, formed in bone marrow
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| cuboidal epithelium | boxy, secreting or absorbing, found in glands and tubules of kidneys
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| astrocyte | looks like stars,support cells that are responsibe to stimulat nerve cells to stimu stimulate and comunicate,found in brain
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| cartilage | support,cushioning,elasticity around the body, reduces friction,classified by what's around it(its matrix)
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| Stratified Squamous epithelium | layered,skin,deepest layers are cuboidal,as they are replaced by new younger tissues they get flat an dfilled with keratin. the top layer is dead
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| liquid connective tissue | blood,carries food, nutrients, gases , an doxygen to your cells and carries wastes away.
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| platelets | thrombocytes, fragment of a megakaryocite- found in bone marrow,fragments and then sends them out into your blood stream to clot with the white blood cells.
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| Neurons | irritable- respond to a stimulus, conducive- being able to pass on stimuli, large contral body consisting of a large nucleus, dendrites bring in infor and an axon takes info away
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| columnar epithelium | taller than it is broad,secretory,found in stomach and intestines,absorbes and secretes digestive material
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| Smooth Muscle | no striations,involuntary control,hair raising on the back of your neck or on arms(evolutionary throwback),moves food through digestive system and blood through veins,lines walls of organs and blood vessels
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| Nervous system tissue | sensory input goes in and motor goes out
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| ciliated columnar epithelium | layer of cilia on top,moves debris,in bronchi and fallopian tubes,smokers- tar covers the layer of cillia which makes them cough
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| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue | involved in movement,1.smooth,2.caridac,3.skeletal
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| cardiac muscle | only in heart,striated,intercalated discs which causes your heart to beat as a unit,involuntary
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| plasma | liquid portion of blood
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| Fibrous connective tissue | made of bundles of collagen which are study but not stretchy,makes up tendons and ligaments,L-bone to bone,T-muscle to bone,ligaments bend but they don't stretch
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| Fibrocartilage | full of fibers,in big joints,shoulder, hip, knees, vertebrate in back
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| bones | mostly minerals,-crow in concentric layers,-calcium phosphorous and magnesium,haversion canal system carries blood vessels, fat, etc.,most cells are dead
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| osteoblasts | laydown new bone
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| osteoclasts | shape th enew bone
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| connective tissue | connects one tissue to another,most widely distributed,supportive,most varied, provides strength,connects and hold you together
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| corpuscles | solid part of the blood, cells
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| white blood cells | leukocytes, helps immune system,large and elaborate nucleus,long lived
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| loose connective tissue | areolar,thick and thin fibers,thick-collagen ,a protein, bendy and flexable.,thin- elastin, stretchy,areolar connective tissue supports the structure of your nervous system and i,packed around your organs,fills spaces and is the packing peanut of the body
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| Simple Squamous Epithelium | flat,big nucleus, sheet,secretory-mucusresponsible for decreasing like between moving organs or food in cheeks,found in endothelium- innermost layer of tissue in blood vessels,provides a surface for diffusion
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| hyaline cartilage | few fibers,found in small bone joints,cushions bones fromrubbing against other bones,nose and windpipe
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| skeletal muscle | runs next to bones,voluntary,striated,bundled,held together with connective tissue
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| adipose tissue | fat,insulation, padding,cell with just a huge vacuole filled with lipid,don't lose the cell , just the liped,most efficient way to store energy,accumulate around midline of body
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| Matrix | nonliving intracellular material that surrounds cells
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| Holds tissues together | desmosomes and other intercellular junctions
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| Histology | biology of tissues
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| Blastocyte | hollow ball of cells, what a zygote turns into
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| Primary germ layers | endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
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| Gastrulation | blastocyte differentiates into the three primary germ layers
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| Histogenesis | primary germ layers differentiate into the tissues
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| Ectoderm | skin, linings, glands, nervous system
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| Mesoderm | muscles, skeleton, blood, organs, connective tissue
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| Endoderm | lining of digestive system, secretory, bladder, thyroid and parathyroid
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| Membranous epithelial tissues | cover body, line cavity, lines blood and lymphatic vessels
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| Glandular epithelial tissue | solid cords of follicles that form secreting in endocrine and exocrine glands
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| Functions of epithelial | protection, sensory functions (special cells in skin, eyes, nose, ears), secretion, absorption (digestive tract), excretion (kidneys)
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| Characteristics of epithelial tissue | limited intercellular matrix, densely packed, basement membrane, avascular, no blood vessels, must diffuse through capillaries, held by desmosomes and junctions
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| Membranous epithelial cells | squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified
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| Simple | single layer
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| Stratified | layered one on another
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| Transitional | differing cell shapes in layers
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| Simple squamous | 1 layer, diffusion and filtration, makes up endotherm (vessel linings) and mesothelium (lining of organs), decrease friction, provide place for diffusion
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| Simple cuboidal | 1layer of cuboidal, in kidneys
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| Simple columnar | stomach, intestines, uterus, uterine tubes, contains goblet cilia and microvili
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| Goblet | secretory vessel, mucus
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| Microvilli | in intestines, increase surface area in digestive tract for increased nutrient absorption
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| Basal lamina | glycoprotein excreted by epithelial cells, part of basement membrane
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| Reticular lamina | made of fibers produced by connective tissue
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| Integrins | connect epithelial cells to basement membrane
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| Pseudostratified columnar | air passages and male reproductive systems, ciliated
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| Stratified squamous keratinized | multiple layers of protection, skin
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| Non keratinized stratified squamous | vag. Mouth, esophagus, moist for protection
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| Stratified cuboidal | protection, in ducts and epiglottis
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| Stratified columnar | rare, anus, only top layers are columnar
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| Stratified transitional | bladder, meant to stretch, layers of cuboidal that turn stratified when stretched out
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| Glandular epithelium | secretory
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| Unicellular glandular epithelium | single cell
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| Multicellular glandular epithelium | clusters, cords of specialized follicles, classified by shape, tubular, alveolar (saclike) simple, (1 duct) or compound (2 or more ducts)
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| Apocrine | secretes products near top then releases it by pinching off distended end, destroys cell by a loss of cytoplasm, mammary glands
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| Holocrine | sebaceous glands, collects insides then ruptures, self destruction
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| Merocrine glands | discharge through cell or plasma membrane, no injury, most are this type, salivary glands
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| Connective tissue | most widely spread, supports, connects, transports and defends, made of collogenous, elastic or reticular fibers
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| Collagen fibers | tough, gelatin when hydrated ¼ of our protein, white
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| Reticular fibers | delicate, support capillaries, made of reticulin
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| Proteoglycons | glucosamine polysaccharide chains, defense, found in matrix
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| Areolar | not specialized, “like a small space” because bubbles during dissection. Sift this gen, hyaluronidase turns to liquid
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| Fibroblasts | synthesize ground substance and fibers
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| Macrophages | phagocytes, derived from white blood cells
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| Adipose | fewer mast, fibro and macrophages
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| Reticular tissue | 3-D web, spleen, lymphocyte and marrow, defense
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| Dense fibrous | few fibroblasts regular (parallel rows, tendons and ligaments, collagen fibers) irregular (dermis, intertwine)
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| Ligaments | made of elastic fibers
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| Tendons | made of collagen fibers
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| Irregular dense fibrous | forms a mat and make sup dermis=inner skin
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| Bone | also called osseous tissue, highly specialized, 65% salts=hardness
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| Osteon | haversion system
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| Lacunae | where bone cells are located in the concentric circles
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| Lamellae | bone matrix
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| Conaliculi | canals that connect each lacuna and osteocyte with blood vessels in haversion canals
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| Membrane bones | skull, formed within a membrane
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| Endochondral ossification | replacement of cartilage with bone
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| Cartilage | made of chondrocyte, have lacunae, avascular
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| Perichondrium | where blood is received from, in cartilage, causes it to heal slowly
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| Hyaline cartilage | “glass” shiny, low collagen, trachea bands and joints
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| Fibro cartilage | strongest, vertebrae and large joints, shock absorbers, lots of collage fibers
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| Elastic cartilage | few collagen fibers, lots of elastin, high flexibility, voice box and ears
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| Blood | transport nutrients and waste products; maintain pH, formed in red marrow
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| Hematopoietic tissue | formation of blood tissue
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| Smooth muscle is also called | visceral
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| Tissue repair | phagocitic cells remove dead or injured ones, collage fibers fill l in gap after cut, leaving a scar if too deep
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| Keloid | unusually thick scar in lower layer of skin
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| When muscle is injured | damaged muscle is replaced by fibrous tissue
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| Exocrine glandular epithelium | discharge secretions into ducts
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| Endocrine glandular epithelium | ductless, secreted into blood
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| Membrane | sheet like structure that performs an important function
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| Epithelial membrane | epithelial tissue + specialized connective
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| Cutaneous membrane | skin
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| Serous membrane | lines cavities not open to external environment like organs
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| Mucous membrane | open to exterior, respiratory, digestive and reproductive tract
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| Connective membrane | made of various types of connective tissue
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| Synovial membrane | spaces between bones and joints, excretes synovial fluid which is a lubrication and reduces friction, bursae
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| mast cell | filled with granules, histamine, allergic reactions
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| endothelium simple squamous cells | capable of changing permeability
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| keratinized stratified squamous aid in | preventing the loss of bodily fluid
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| cuboidal is found.... | covering the ovaries and in kidney tubules
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| connective tissue has many... | blood vessels, which aids in the distribution of nutrients
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| nongranular leukocytes | monocyte (blob with three humps) and lymphocyte (giant blob)
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| granular leukocytes | basophil(mickey mouse ears), neutrophil (three blobs connected by thin strands) and eosinophil (headphones, 2 blobs 1 strand)
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| fibrous connective tissue is found | parallel to bone, giving it its strength, called white fibrous, cover muscles
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| most common cartilage | hyaline, prone to wear and tear, fetal skeleton
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| dendrites | recieve and conduct impulses towards teh cell
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| axon | conducts impulses away fromt eh cell body and are generally called nerve fibers
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| collaterals | branches of axon
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| neuroglial cells | astrocytes, bind neurons together and suport neural structures, connective tissue of nervous system
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| two types of epithelium | membranous and glandular
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| glandular epithelium consists of... | columnar and cuboidal
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| epithelium of ovaries | columnar and goblet
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| epithelium of mouth | stratified squamous
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| epithelium of lungs | simple squamous
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| two basic components of connective tissue | cells and extra cellular fibers
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| connective tissue is the ....... | most diverse
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| epithelium in stomach | columnar
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| actual formation fo duct | invagination
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| tendons and ligaments are made of | fibrous connective tissue
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| minerals in the bones | calcium, magnesium, phosphorus
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| hyelin cartilage's makeup | gelatenous, no fibers
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| bone is also called | osseus tissue
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| connective tissue (cartilage) has.... | chondrocytes
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| specialized connective tissue | cartilage, bone, blood
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| cartilage | specialized cells in a matrix of extracellular fibers
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| bone is made of... | osteocytes and calcified cartilage
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| two types of bone tissue | spongy (spongiform) and compact (cancellous)
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| striations are... | the overlap of actin adn myosin fibers
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| nerve cells are | irritable and conducive
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| if it is mylinated... | it can move faster
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| in between schwann cells are | node of ranvier
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| covered in myelin in nerve cell... | schwann's cell
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