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Endocrine 14 & 11

Herlihy & Adult Health

QuestionAnswer
Adenohypophysis Anterior pituitary gland
Adrenal glands Endocrine gland; consists of outer cortex and inner medulla
Catecholamines Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla; norepinephrine and epinephrine
Endocrine glands Ductless glands that secrete hormones, usually into the blood
Hormone Secreted by a endocrine gland into the blood
Neurohypophysis Posterior pituitary gland; secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
Pancreas Contains both endocrine and exocrine functions
Parathyroid glands Secretes parathyroid hormone and helps regulate calcium balance
Pineal gland Located in the brain; secretes melatonin and involved in regulating biorhythms
Steroids Lipid-soluble hormone such as estrogen, testosterone and cortisol
Thymus gland Lymphoid organ that plays an important role in immunity
Thyroid gland Secretes T3, T4 and calcitonin
Greek meaning of "hormone" "To arouse or to set into motion"
Endocrine system communicates through... Chemical signals called hormones
Endocrine glands Secrete hormones
Hormone Chemical messenger that influences or controls the activities of other tissues or organs
Endocrine system and hormones help regulate... Metabolic processes involving carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Study of the endocrine system Endocrinology
Receptors located on the outer surface of the cell membrane Membrane receptors
Receptors located within the cell Intracellular receptors
How do hormones recognize their target tissues? Lock and key
Specificity Specific hormone for each receptor
Negative feedback loop "Enough is enough"
Positive feedback loop "Give me more"
Biorhythm Rhythmic alteration in a hormone's rate of secretion
Circadian rhythm 24-hour rhythm that repeats every 24 hours
Pituitary gland location In a depression of the sphenoid bone
2 parts of the pituitary gland Anterior pituitary gland and posterior pituitary gland
Secretion of the anterior pituitary gland Controlled by the hypothalamus
Hypothalamus considered to be a... Endocrine gland
How do the hypothalmic hormones reach the anterior pituitary gland? Secretes its hormones into a network of capillaries
Connecting capillaries called... Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
Anterior pituitary gland secretes... 6 major hormones
Anterior pituitary gland often called... Master gland
Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland TSH, ACTH, GH, gonadotropins and PRL
TSH Thyroidstimulating hormone
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone
GH Growth hormone
PRL Prolactin
HGH target organ Whole body
ACTH target organ Adrenal cortex
TSH target organ Thyroid
FSH target organ Ovaries and testes
LH target organ Ovaries and testes
Prolactin target organ Mammary glands
Anterior pituitary hormones HGH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, Prolactin
Oxytocin target organ Mammary glands and uterus
ADH target organ Kidneys
Posterior pituitary hormones Oxytocin and ADH
FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone
LH Lutenizing hormone
ADH Antidiuretic hormone
HGH action Stimulates growth and development
ACTH action Effects kidneys, BP, sodium and potassium levels
TSH action Regulates metabolism, growth and development
FSH action Stimulates development of graffian follicle in females; stimulates development of sperm in men
LH action Stimulates release of egg and formation of corpus luteum in females; stimulates development of sperm in males
Prolactin action Stimulates milk production
Oxytocin action Stimulates milk release, stimulates contractions
ADH action Decreased urine production
What does the thyroid need to function? Iodine
Thyroid gland location Anterior neck, on front and sides of trachea, butterfly shaped
Thyroid hormones T3 and T4
T3 and T4 actions Growth and development, metabolism, and maturation of nervous system
Hypothyroidism results in... Myxedema
Myxedema Slowed down metabolic state
If infant is born without thyroid gland, results in... Cretinism
Cretinism causes... Failure to develop both physically and mentally
Hyperthyroidism Speeded up metabolic state
Hyperthyroidism results in... Grave's disease
Exophthalmia Bulging eyes
Calcitonin action Decreased calcium; antagonist of parathormone
What hormone stimulates secretion of T3 and T4? TSH
Iodine deficiency causes... Hypothyroidism
How many parathyroid glands are located along the posterior gland? Four
Parathyroid gland secretes... PTH; parathyroid hormone
What stimulates release of PTH? Low blood level of calcium
Parathormone actions Increases blood calcium, decreases blood phosphorus
Osteoblastic Bone-making
Where are the adrenal glands located? Above the kidneys
Two regions of adrenal glands Inner medulla and outer cortex
Adrenal medulla secretes... Norepinephrine and epinephrine
Epinephrine and norepinephrine categorized as... Catecholimines
Adrenal cortex secretes... Steroids
Steroids Lipid0soluble hormones made from cholesterol
Three steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones
Glucocorticoids function Sugar
Mineralocorticoids function Salt
Sex hormones function Sex
Chief glucocorticoid Cortisol
Cortisol secreted during... Times of stress
Chief mineralocorticoid Aldosterone
Female sex hormones Estrogens
Male sex hormones Androgens
Created by: caysmommy03
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