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nur121exam2
nur121 exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| two major neurotransmitters | norepinephrine/sympathetic/adrenergic, acetelycholine/parasympatheitc/cholinergic |
| 3 major catecholamines | norepinephrine-nerves, epinephrine-adrenal medulla, dopamine-brain, kidneys, GI tract |
| antimigrane drug that causes dialation of peripheral vessels/uterus, draining blood from head | ergotamine derivatives |
| drugs that contol siezures | barbiturates/phenobarbitol,benzodiazepines/valuim, hydantoins/dilantin, succinimides/zarontin |
| CNS depressants that act on brain stem formation and reduce impulses to cerebral cortex | barbiturates/phenobarbital-controled |
| cns depressant, exact action unknown, use for status epilepticus | benzodiazepines/valuim-controled |
| acts on motor cortex, raises threshold for siezures, need to take blood levels, causes gum disease | hydantoins/dilantin-not controled |
| stimulation in brain by dopamine and acetylcholine | vommiting |
| cholinergic nerve impulses bombarding the vestibular network | motion sickness, vertigo |
| 5ht receptor antagonists block seritonin from binding to stimuloate vagus nerve causing vomiting, used for chemo pt | zofran |
| desease of excess acetylcholine and deficit of dompamine | Parkinsons |
| Meds for Parkinsons | Cogentin-antipsychotic, levodopa-increase dopamine |
| drug acts on limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic of CNS to calm | anti-anxiety: benzodiazepines-Ativan, Xanax. antagonized by smoking/caffeine. 75% of Rx |
| meds that block reuptake of transmitter so more transmitter is available to work | anti-depressants |
| inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and secrotonin | tricyclics: Tofranil-sedation, cardiac |
| selectively block reuptake of serotonin | SSRIs-serotonin reuptake ihibitors: Zoloft, Paxil: less SE than tricyclicx (cardiac) |
| dangerous reactions with certain foods, any aged food | MOAIs |
| anti-seizure meds used for bi-polar | Depakte, Tegretal |
| Antipsychotic meds-too much dopamine | Phenothiazines=Prolizin; Non-Phenothiazines=Haldol, Risperdal |
| med that blocks dopamine at post synaptic receptor site | Prolizin |
| med that is a potent dopamine blocker at receptor site, severe extrapyramidal SE | Haldol |
| Med acts on receptor sites for several neurotransmitters (5HT sites and dopamine | Risperdal |
| Med with no sedative, drepresant or euphoric action, element, Tx manic phase of bi-polar | lithium-monitor blood levels |
| sedative/hypnotics | Barbiturate/phenobarbital; benzodianzepine/Restoril, Ativan (safer) |
| hyperglycemia | BG>150, poluuria, polydypsia(thirst), polyphasia(hunger) |
| Type one diabetes | insulin, 20 yrs, 10% |
| type two diabetes | oral meds, wt loss, excercise, diet; 40yrs, 90% |
| rapid acting insulin 30-90- min | humalog, Novalog |
| short acting insulin (regular) 2-3 hours | Humuin R, Novulin R |
| intermediate acting insulin 4-10 hours | NPH- humilin N, Novulin N |
| long acting no peak | Lantus, Levemir; cant be mixed |
| Hypoglycemia | BG<60, nervousness, hunger, lethargy,coma |
| Oral hypoglycemic that increases beta cell insulin production, cross sensitivity to sulfa drugs | Sulfonlyureas-Diabeta |
| oral hypoglycemic that stimulates release of insulin from beta cells, acts faster than sulfonlyureas | Meglitinides-Prandin |
| oral hypoglycemic that enhances tissue response to insulin and improves glucose transport into cells, does not stimulate insulin secretion | Biguanides-Glucophage |
| oral hypoglycemic that slow the break down of pylysaccharides into simple sugars, limits absorption of CHO from small intestine, SE: flatus | alpha-gludosidase inhibitors-Precose |
| oral hyposlycemic that decreases peripheral insulin resisitance | Thiazolidinediones-Avandia |
| med regulate glucose, fat, protein metabolism, suppression of immune, inflammatory, use in adreanal insufficiency, allergic reactions | glucocorticoid-prednisone; dont stop abruptly |
| med conserves sodium and increases excretion of potassium (holds water)increase BP, maintain fluid | mineral corticoid-Florinef Acetate, |
| med stimulates uterus to contract, stimulate flow of milk,control post partum bleeding | oxytocics-pitocin |
| med produces stronger more prolonged contractions, controls post partum bleeding | oxytocics-Methergine |
| med management of preterm labor, bronchodilator | tocolytics-brethine |
| med maintain female reproductive system, suppress ovulation, tx prostate cancer, linked to breast cancer | estrogen-premarin |
| med prevents and tx osteioporosis, reduces los of Ca from bone, works on bones, lowers cholesteral, not on uterine and breast tissue | selective estrogen receptor modulator-Evista |
| med suppresses ovulation, causes uterus to shed endometrium, control uterine bleeding r/t hormone imbalance | progentins-Provera |
| med prevent ovulationby inhibiting FSH/LH from antieror pituitary gland, causes blood clots | contraceptives-estrogen,/progestin-Ortho-Novum |
| action of thyroid hormones | increase O2 consumption, temp, HR, RR, food metabolism |
| med for replacement in hypothyroidism, causes hypertension, tachycardia, wt loss, heat intolerance | thyroid hormones-Synthroid, Levethroid, levothyroxine |
| ss of hypothyroidism | hypotension, bradycardia, lethargy, wt gain, cold interlance |
| med that inhibits, the synthesis of thyroid hormones. doesnt touch already stored or circulating hormones in blood. | antithyroid producer-lugol's iodine |
| anti inflammatory agent that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis | analgesic, anti inflammatory |
| anti inflammatory agent that vasodilates | antipyretic |
| anti imflammatory agent that interferes with factoIII and decreases platelet aggregation | anticoagulant |
| inhibit production of COX (cyclo-oxygenase) enzyme needed in formation of prostaglandins | salicylates/ASA/Asprin; NSAIDS/ibuprofen, toradol, celebrex (cox 2 inhibitor) |
| NSAID used in jt replacement | toradol |
| asprin used for soft tissue, arthritis | nsaids used for jts, 800mg is anti inflammatory effect |
| salicylates AE | reyes syndrome, tinnitus, GI upset |
| NSAIDS AE | hypertension, GI upset, GI bleeding, tinnitus |
| COX 2 inhibitors cause | HA/stroke |
| med used for fever, mild pain, osteoarthritis, chronic pain and cancer pain, analgesic, antipyretic | acetaminophen (APAP) |
| med inhibits painful stimuli in gray matter, tx moderate/severe acute pain, decrease resp | narcotic agonist analgesics |
| anidote for narcotics, resp < 12 | narcan |
| narcotic agonist-antagonist med used for moderate pain, less potential for abuse | nubain |
| skeletal muscle relaxant that < muscle tone and involuntary movt., use for sprains | flexeril |
| jt destruction from overuse and age | osteoarthritis |
| systemic disease that involves an autoimmune response resulting in progressive jt destruction | rheumatoid arthritis, 1st use ASA/NSAIDS |
| antiarthritis meds slow response for long term therapy. used for RA when no other tx works | palquenil, rheumatrex, gold compounds |
| form of arthritis caused by over prodution or under excretion of uric acid | gout |
| antigout agent that increases elimination of urate salts by blocking renal tubular reabsorption. decreases amt of cirulating urate and promote reabsorption of urate deposits. for under excreters, no ASA | uricosurec agents-probenecid |
| antigout angent that inhibits production of uric acid by decreasing production of xanthine oxidase, prophylactic | zyloprim |
| antigout agent for tx of acute attack, inhibits leukocyte migration and phagocytosis that causes inflammation in gout, decreases uric acid deposition | colchicine-stops uric acid to go to jts |
| mucous membrane med that blocks action of acetylcholine, paralyzes shpinctor of iris, used to examine pupil | atropine |
| anti glaucoma agent miotic, reduce intraocular pressure through miosis (constr of pupil) causes increased outflow of aqueous humor by opening up the anterior chanber angle | pilocar |
| antiglaucoma agent bata blocker that decreases intraocular pressure by reducing production of aqueous humor, blocks dilating effect, incr P/BP, check pulse prior | timoptic |
| med softens ear wax for removal | debrox |
| percutaneous meds | used to clean, soften, disinfect, lubricate or Nitro |
| topical antiinfective to tx skin infection | neosporin |
| topical corticosteroid for dermatological disorders, dont use on face | triamcinolone |
| topical antiinfective for burns and decubitus | silver sulfadiazine |
| med that neurtalize HCI, tighten gastric mucosa, increase tone of cardiac sphincter forms gas to burp up | antacid |
| med blocks histamine at H@ receptor sites inhibits secretion of gastric acid, 1st line tx of ulcers | Histamine-H2 receptor antagonists-pepcid |
| med blocks gastric acid secretion by binding to acid secretary pump, tx for GERD, do not crush, dont give w H2s | proton pump inhibitors-prilosec |
| med is anti secretory at ulcer site, interferes w absorption of other drugs | cyto-protective agents-carafate |
| antacids dissolve enteric coating on tablets | take 1 hour of med with enteric coating |
| GI stimulant hasten GI transit time, for nocturnal heartburn r/t GERD, extrapyramidal side effects | reglan |
| anti diarrheal med reduce the fluid content of stool and decrease parasalsis and motility of the intestinal tract | imodium, pepto-bismol |
| decrease peristalsis in sm/lg intestine, works in colon | laxatives |
| laxative increase bulk(stimulates peristalsis) moisture of stool, simple constipation, diverticulitis | metamucil-bulk forming |
| laxative that draws water into colon and promote parastalsis, osmotic effect, | cephulac-good for renal pt no mg, fleets |
| laxative increases peristalsis by stimulating nerves or muscles, tx const vrom prolonged bed rest | dulcolax, senokot |
| antiflatulent that disperses and prevents formation of mucus surrounded pckets of gas in the intestinek, breaks up bubbles | simethicone |
| anti alcoholic product that produces a severe sensitivity to alcohol with unpleasant reaction when even small amounts of alcohol are taken, dont use w flagyl | antabuse |
Created by:
vstein
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