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HCC Bio101 Topic 6
Lipids and Proteins (Fall 2011) Berlyn
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four major categories of Lipids? | Fats, waxes, steroids and phospholipids |
| Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Why? | Hydrophobic because they are non-polar and therefore don't attract water |
| What are the components of triglycerides? | Glycerol and three fatty acids |
| What makes a fatty acid acidic? | The carboxyl group |
| If there are no double bonds in the carbon chain, a fatty acid is ________ | Saturated (more hydrogens) |
| If there are double bonds in the carbon chain, a fatty acid is _______ | Unsaturated |
| If there is one double bond in the carbon chain, it is _______ | Monounsaturated |
| If there is more than one double bond, it is __________ | Polyunsaturated |
| What are the characteristics of and an example of Saturated fat? | Solid at room temperature, found in/made from animals, example butter |
| What are the characteristics of and an example of Unsaturated fat? | Liquid at room temperature, found in/made from Plants, example Vegetable oil |
| How is a liquid oil converted to solid shortening? | Hydrogenation |
| Why are saturated fats more solid than unsaturated fats? | The hydrocarbon chains of saturated fats are straight and pack together |
| What part of the cell is composed of phospholipids? | Cell membrane |
| What are the major characteristics and functions of waxes? | Solid at room temperature, waterproof plant tissues and animal skin/fur, ear wax traps dust and dirt, wax is used by honey bees to make honey comb |
| What is the basic characteristic of all steroid molecules? | Four carbon rings |
| What are proteins composed of? | Polypeptides (polymers of amino acids) |
| What are the components of amino acids? | Amino group, carboxyl group and R group |
| What is a peptide bond? | The bonding of two amino acids through dehydration synthesis |
| What provides the blueprint for the order of amino acids and the length of a polypeptide? | DNA |
| What are the levels of protein structure? | Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary (see text page 17 for more details) |
| What are the four important types of proteins and their functions? | enzymes (speed up reactions), collagen (provides support and strength to skin, muscle, bones and tendons), hormones (chemical messengers to cells) and hemoglobin |
| Antibodies are proteins composed of _____ polypeptides | four. Two "heavy" (long) chains and two "light" (short) polypeptides |
| What are foreign molecules referred to as? | Antigens |
| What are the defensive molecules produced by your body called? | Antibodies |
| There are regions within antibodies that are very similar in all antibodies. These are called the ______________ | Constant regions |
| What are the regions that vary between antibodies called? | Variable regions |
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premed
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