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Final Obj Damelio
Obj 49-94 (Post MT ) Unit 2 Damelio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify the female and male reproductive organs. | A veritable no brainer. And by that I mean the the brain is not part of it. |
| Sexualization | Using sex to or sexuality to influence, manipulate, or control other people |
| Gender Identity | - Knowing whether you are male or female. Most children have this sorted out by age 2 |
| Atypical forms of sexual expressions | Atypical expression; sadism, masochism, fetishism, auto-erotic asphyxiation, zoophilia, necrophilia |
| dyspareunia | painful intercourse |
| Taking a Sexual History | The Five P’s: Partners, Practices, Protection from STDs, Past history of STDs, Prevention of pregnancy |
| nursing diagnoses to describe sexuality problems | Sexual Dysfunction Sexuality Pattern, ineffective RT: Anxiety, Body Image, disturbed; Coping, ineffective; Distress, moral; Rape-Trauma Syndrome |
| Define stress | - a disruptive condition that occurs in response to adverse influences from the internal or external environments |
| adaptive coping strategies | Adaptive coping strategies improve functioning. Examples: seeking support from others, finding meaning in the stressful experience, keeping physically fit, humor |
| maladaptive coping strategies | Maladaptive coping strategies only reduce symptoms temporarily. They are a short term solution. Examples: substance abuse, escape, dissociation, safety behaviors, anxiety avoidance |
| stressors | internal or external event or situation that creates the potential for physiologic, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral changes in an individual |
| 3 broad classes of stressors | 1.day to day (traffic jam, etc) 2.types that effect large groups, even nations (war, terrorism, live news) 3.life events - birth, divorce, marriage, health. (time-limited, sequence, chronic) |
| Which class of stressors impacts health the most? | Daily. Due to the cumulative effect |
| Responses to stress - the mediating process | Intentionally or unintentionally, we respond psychologically to see how we can manage the situation. 2 parts - appraisal and coping. |
| 2 steps of cognitive appraisal | 1. what is at stake (primary) and 2. What can be done (secondary). Primary determines if it is stressful or not. |
| Physiological response to stress | protective adaptation mechanism to maintain homeostatic balance of the body. |
| If the stressor disrupts homeostasis to the point where adaptation to the stressor fails, what happens? | disease process results |
| Adaptation a la Selye | The GAS theory. I love that. It stands for general adaptation syndrome. It was initially Flight And React Timely Syndrome (F.A.R.T.S) |
| Describe the alarm phase | Fight or flight is activated. Release of epi and norepi and ACTH (the adrenal cortical response). Defensive,antiinflam, selflimiting. |
| Describe the second stage - Resistance | adaptation to the stressor occurs and cortical activity still increases. If continued, this will lead to.... |
| Stage 3 - exhaustion | The No Can Do stage. Endocrine activity increases and so taxes systems, it can lead to death. |
| What is LAS | Local Adaptation Syndrome - inflamm. response and repair process at local site of tissue damage. If injury is large enough, GAS. |
| 63. Explain how Selye’s local adaptation syndrome (LAS) is different from the GAS | • GAS affects the whole body, while LAS affects a certain area of the body • LAS is at the site of the injury • However, if the injury is widespread, GAS can come into effect, such as full thickness burns over 40% of the body |
| Physiological responses to stress are mediated by the ____ | Brain |
| This maintains homeostatic balance | hypothalamus |
| 64. Discuss the inflammatory response: What triggers it | a defensive reaction intended to neutralize, control, or eliminate the the offending agent and to prepare the site for repair • It can be triggered by many factors • Bee sting • Sore throat • Surgical incision • Burn site • Cellular injury and death |
| what physiological changes occur on the vascular level? | Physiological changes:vascular or cellular • Vascular • Vasodilation • Increased blood flow • Increased capillary permeability • Local tissue congestion |
| what physiological changes occur on the cellular level? | •Cellular • Phagocytosis (cell death) • Increased Leukocytes (granulocytes and monocytes) • Release of chemical mediators (mast cells and macrophages) |
| Describe the effects of prolonged stress and unsuccessful adaptation on the various body systems. | • Prolonged stress can cause the level of Epi, Nor-E, and ATCH to not decrease • Unsuccessful adaptation can result in tachycardia, hypertension, glycosuria, |
| contrast crisis and burnout. | Burnout is when you have dealt with the crisis for so long, you can't deal with it any longer. |
| Reliable indicators of stress | Blood levels of catecholamines, glucocorticoids, ACTh, eosinophils. Also, Serum cholesterol and free fatty acid levels. |
| Denial, avoidance and distancing are all examples of what? | inappropriate coping skills/mechanisms. |
| Enhanced coping techniques to offer patient | Try to be optimistic/gain control/ do research/ use spiritual support/ practice acceptance |
| Benson's ______ response | well accepted relaxation practice |
| Health spectrum/continuum | fluid and changing. Go for a run, feel healthy in the a.m. Heartburn at lunch, feel unhealthy... Okay at dinner, feel moderately healthy. |
| 5 stage of illness behavior - stage 1 | 1. symptom stage - decision that something is wrong. |
| Stage 2 | 2. assumption of the sick role stage - when the individual accepts that the symptoms are a sign of illness |
| Stage 3 | 3. medical care contact stage - seeks medical care |
| Stage 4 | 4. dependent patient role stage - patient is to make every effort to get well |
| Stage 5 | 5. Recovery or rehabilitation - get well or get used to it |
| Acute vs. chronic | Acute is short duration. Chronic is lasting longer than 6 months. |
| Identify factors that influence individual’s responses to illness | Lifestyle, relationships, culture, spirituality, environmental factors, socioeconomic factors. |
| The purpose of health promotion is ... | to focus on the patient’s potential for wellness and to encourage appropriate alterations in personal habits, lifestyle, and environment. Wellness involves a conscious and deliberate attempt, and involves a plan and conscious commitment. |
| Discuss Healthy People 2020 report as it relates to health promotion | Goals set by the federal government based on leading causes of death aimed to increase quality of life and eliminate disparities. |
| Pender’s Health Promotion Model | based on the social learning theory, cognitive perpetual factors affect view of the importance of health. Examines control, self-efficacy, health status,benefits and barriers. All this is done by contemplation, determination, action and maintenance. |
| Prochaska and DiClemente’s four stages of change. Stage 1 | Precontemplation - denial, don't have a problem, defend bad habits, excuses |
| Stage 2 | Contemplation ~ maybe they have a problem. Recognize personal consequences of bad choices. Teeter tooter about changing. |
| Stage 3 | Preparation ~ move from "I should do something about this" to "What can I do about it?" |
| Stage 4 | Action/Willpower. Normally the shortest of all stages. |
| Stage 5 | Maintenance |
| Differentiate between loss and grief | Loss is any situation. Grief is the personal feelings that accompany an anticipated or actual loss; physical and psychological responses that occur following a loss. |
| Grief vs. bereavement | grief is the actual feeling of the loss of the person. Bereavement is all of the accompanying issues ~ loneliness, sadness. |
| Identify four types of loss | 1. Actual 2. Perceived (loss of self-esteem) 3. Physical (amputee) 4. Psychological |
| Kubler - Ross stages of grief | A little "DABDA" do ya! Denial/Anger/Bargaining/ Depression/Acceptance |
| Wordens stages of grief | (you need A EAR to hear a Word) Accept/Experience/ Adjust/Reinvest |
| Bowlbys stages of mourning | (Wanna go BOWLING?) (Not yet done reading NYDR) Numbness/yearning/disorganization & despair/reorganization. |
| Compare and contrast types of grief | oUncomplicated- a grief reaction that normally follows a significant loss o Complicated/dysfunctional- intense grief that does not result in reconciliation of feelings |
| Compare and contrast types of grief (masked vs. Delayed) | o Masked- unexpected behaviors o Delayed- putting grieving off to focus on other things |
| Define death according to the Uniform Determination of Death Act | An individual who has sustained either 1) irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions or 2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain stem, is dead |
| Define higher brain activity | What taller people think about |
| End of life care | • End of life care o Hospice: a coordinated program of interdisciplinary care and services provided primarily in the home to terminally patients and their families o Palliative care: comprehensive care for patients whose disease is not responsive to car |
| Create a time line of the dying process | Lungs become unable to provide adequate gas diffusion/Heart and blood vessels become unable to maintain adequate tissue perfusion/ The brain ceases to regulate vital centers/ Cheyne-stokes respirations and “death rattle” |
| Identify legal issues involved in death and dying | •The patient self-determination act- •Living will •Durable POA/health care proxy •health care surrogate law •DNR •Assisted suicide •Euthanasia •Autopsy •Organ donation |
| The patient self-determination act | intended to provide individuals with legal means to determine the circumstances under which life-sustaining treatment should or should not be provided to them |
| Identify the steps of the nursing process and their utilization in the dying process | ADPIE |
| Assessment: | o Client and family goals and expectations o Client’s awareness of terminal nature of illness o Availability of support systems o Current stage of dying o History of previous positive coping skills Client perception of unfinished business |
| Diagnosis | o Stage of dying |
| Plan | Palliative care plan |
| Implement | o Providing patient with care to make them more comfortable |
| Evaluate | Ummmmm.... |
| Describe the nursing responsibilities surrounding post mortem care | • Treat the body with respect and dignity • Bathe and put a clean gown on the body • Remove dressings and tubes • Place the client in body alignment with extremities straight -Place dentures in the mouth, if client normally wore them •Close eyes • h |
| Identify nursing interventions to assist clients who are grieving. | o Informing the family as the circumstances of the death o Providing information about viewing the body o Offering to contact support people o Sometimes assisting in decision making regarding a funeral home and removal of the dead person’s belongings |
Created by:
Marshall3
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