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N4127

Exam II Environmental Health

QuestionAnswer
What is an environment? All external conditions or influences affecting living things.
What is environmental health? Freedom from illness related to toxic agents and other conditions that are detrimental to human health.
Why is Environment so important to Health? Environmental hazards surround us. 52 million homes in America have lead-based paint in them. 30 million Americans drink water that exceeds one or more EPA safe drinking water standards.
Further reasons why is Environment so important to Health? 50% of Americans live in areas that exceed current national ambient air quality standards.
What do nurses need to know about the environment? Nurses need to know how to assess for environmental health risks and develop educational and other preventive interventions to help individuals, families, and communities understand and, where possible, decrease the risks.
What is the healthy people 2020 initiatives? Outdoor Air Quality Water Quality Proper Toxics and Waste disposals Healthy Homes and Communities Infrastructure and Surveillance Global Environmental Health
Historical context of environment F. Nightingale: “Mother of Biostatistics” Lillian Wald worked to improve the environment of the Henry Street neighborhood. Aimed to improve physical environment and social conditions that affected health
Other historical context? IOM report Nursing, Health, and Environment (1995) Environmental health is one of the priority areas of the Healthy People 2020 objectives
Name some environmental risks? Toxins. Air pollution. Water Pollution.
What are some physical environmental health hazards? Radiation. Heavy Metals. Noise.
What are some biological environmental health hazards? Drinking water. Heating and cooling systems. Medical wastes. Plant pollens.
What are some chemical & gaseous environmental health hazards Poisons (Pesticides and herbicides, Household products). Air pollutants(Carbon monoxide, Lead, Nitrogen Dioxide). Water pollutants.
What is toxicology? The basic science that studies the health effects associated with chemical exposures
What is Epidemiology? The science that helps us understand the strength of the association between exposures and health effects in human populations.
What are the roles of nurses in environmental health? Nursing Interventions directed toward preventing and minimizing effects of environmental health problems on persons of all ages. Community involvement and public participation.
Further roles of nurses in environmental health? Individual and population risk assessment Risk communication Epidemiologic investigations Policy development
What Federal resources do CHN have at disposal? EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration.
What State & local resources do CHN have at disposal? Local health department and EPA office. State agencies (Environmental health agency, TN Department of Health).
What are some other unique environmental health threats? Health care settings. Synthetic chemicals. Dioxin.
What responsibilities do nurses have with regard to the environment? Advocacy
What further responsibilities do nurses have with regard to the environment? Environmental Justice:
What is environmental justice? Equal protection from environmental hazards for individuals, groups, or communities regardless of race, ethnicity, or economic status.
What is advocacy? Speaking out on behalf of citizens in their community regarding environmental health issues.
How do nurses protect the environment? Prevention & Control
How do nurses prevent environmental damage? (Education, Waste minimization, Land use planning.
How do nurses control the environment? Granting Permits. Ensuring Standards are strictly followed. Constant Monitoring. and Remediation.
What are some environmental health policies passed? Clean Air and Water Acts. Occupational Health and Safety Acts. Toxic Substances Control Act. Poison Prevention Packaging Act. Community Right-to-know Legislation. Pollution Prevention Act.
Governmental Environmental Protection duties? Manages environmental exposures through the development and enforcements of standards and regulations. Educates public about risks and risk reductions.
Governmental Environmental Protection agencies? Environmental Protection Agency; Food and Drug Administration; Department of Agriculture; local health department.
Ethics are essential for what? Essential for making ethical decisions regarding environmental health
What is risk Communication? The right information to the right people at the right time.
What precautionary principle do nurses need to adhere to? Wingspread statement. Rule of Seven.
Who are the vulnerable population that we need to conduct risk assessments for? The very young (Children), the very old (Geriatrics). And Pregnant women.
What is a risk Assessment? A process to determine the probability of a health threat associated with an exposure
What is the right to know law? The public has a right to know about hazardous chemicals in the environment.
Mention exposure pathway analysis? Source of contamination. Environmental medium. Point of exposure. Route of exposure. Receptor population.
Mention what you do in home assessment? Visual inspection. Assessing agents in the home. Addressing symptoms. Ascertaining agent-specific data.
Environmental Exposure History: What acronym for assessment? “I PREPARE”
Environmental Exposure History: "I" stands for what? Investigate potential exposure
Environmental Exposure History: "P" stands for what? Present work (what exposures do clients have @ work)
Environmental Exposure History: "R" stands for what? Residence (age of home etc)
Environmental Exposure History: "E" stands for what? Environmental concerns (air, H20)
Environmental Exposure History: 2nd "P" stands for what? Past work exposure (military, farm work, volunteers, etc)
Environmental Exposure History: "A" stands for what? Activities (hobbies, gardening, fishing, hunting, etc)
Environmental Exposure History: 2nd "R" stands for what? Referrals & resources
Environmental Exposure History: 2nd "E" stands for what? Educate (risk reduction, prevention)
How do you do an environmental assessment? Windshield survey. Environmental databases. Environmental health assessment form. Inquire/observe about unintended environmental exposures.
What are the four environmental principle? Everything is connected to everything else. Everything has to go somewhere. The solution to pollution is dilution. Today’s solution may be tomorrow’s problem.
What does Epi Triangle constitute? (Tips. A. H. E) Agent, Host, and Environment
Primary prevention for individuals? Educate individuals to reduce environmental hazards.
Primary prevention for community? Educate community to reduce environmental hazards. Advocate for safe air and water. Support programs for waste reduction and recycling. Advocate for waste reduction and effective waste management.
Secondary prevention for individuals? Screen or Survey for health conditions that may be related to environmental and occupational exposures. Screen/Obtain environmental health histories of individuals. Screen/Monitor workers for levels of chemical exposures at job sites.
Further secondary prevention for individuals? Screen children 6 months to 5 years old for blood lead levels.
Secondary prevention for community? Screen/Survey for health conditions that may be related to environmental and occupational exposures. Screen/Assess homes, schools, work sites, and the community for environmental hazards.
Tertiary prevention for individuals? Treatment/disability reduction. Refer homeowners to lead abatement resources. Educate asthmatic clients about environmental triggers.
Tertiary prevention for the community? Treatment/disability reduction. Become active in consumer and health-related organizations and legislation related to environmental health issues. Support cleanup of toxic waste sites and removal of other hazards.
Created by: nze
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