Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
aurinary elimination
test3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| terms that refer to the bladder | micturition, voiding, and urination |
| bladder can hold how much urine? | 600 ml |
| factors effecting elderly and voiding | 1.decreased filtering ablity/ increasing drug toxicity 2. enlarged prostates 3.nocturia 4.loss of bladder muscle tone/ women 5. increased risk for UTI |
| primary psychosocial factors effecting voiding | privacy, positioning, sufficient time |
| fluid and food that alter voiding | alcohol and caffeine- increase urine increased sodium intake can cause fluid retention food can change color beets turn urine red |
| meds that effect voiding | diuretics -increase production |
| nocturia | urge to void that awaken one at night |
| polyuria | increased output of urine |
| oliguria | scant or decreased urine output |
| anuria | kidneys are producing no urine |
| Diuresis | increased urine formation |
| Physical assessments | skin and mucus membranes-dry bladder-distented kidneys-flank pain urethral meatus- discharge,inflammation, and lesions intake/output-color,clarity,amount, odor |
| Normal urine outputs | 30ml/hr 1200-1500mls daily |
| Muscle Tone | –Long term catheter – decreases |
| ESRD | end stage renal disease irreversible damage to the kidney tissues |
| Uremic syndrome | increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood |
| Renal replacement therapies | dialysis, organ transplant |
| Alterations in urine elimination | retention, UTI, incontinence, urine diversions-stomas |
| Urinary Retention is the inability of bladder to empty properly what are the Clinical manifestations? | olgiuria and polyuria bladder distension |
| Bladder distension | Bladder is palpable and displaced to one |
| List Interventions for alteration in urination | Interventions • Measures to promote voiding – Privacy, running water, etc. • Catheterization may be necessary – Empty at 500mls then rest 5 – 10 min between emptying. • Crede΄s maneuver – Use with CAUTION |
| Involuntary Urination(It is a symptom not a disease) List Common causes • | Common causes • UTI’s • Pregnancy • Volume overload • Delirium • Restricted mobility |
| teachings to help with Managing Urinary Incontinence | • Keep a voiding diary • Kegel Exercises (especially for stress or urge incontinence) – Strengthens Pelvic Floor Muscles • Bladder Training |
| bladder training | Voiding every 1-2 hours while awake Increase to every 2-3 hours then every 4-6 Encourage fluid intake 30 minutes before Avoid citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeine because they can cause bladder irritation |
| two types of UTI'S | Cystitis and pyelonephritis |
| cystitis | inflammation of bladder |
| cystitis signs and symptoms | frequency, urgency, difficulty urinating, blood in urine,suprapubic pain and confusion in elderly |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidneys |
| pyelonephritis signs and symptoms | flank pain, pain at costalvertebral angle,frequency, urgency, difficulty urinating, blood in urine,suprapubic pain and confusion in elderly |
| diagnostic test for UTI's | dipstick for leukocyte estorase and nitrates |
| treatment for UTI's | anti-microbials, increase fluids and prevention |
| urinary diversions defined | the surgical rerouting of urine from the kidneys to a site other than the bladder |
| incontinent urinary diversions | Uterostomy Nephrosotmy Vesicostomy Ileal Conduit |
| continent urinary diversions | koch pouch neobladder |
| suprapubic catheter | May be temporary or become permanent – Maintain sterile dressing over site – May clamp to attempt normal voiding – Unclamp after voiding to measure residual urine |
| Urine Tests and Diagnostic Examinations | Noninvasive exam:Intravenous pyelography (IVP) Invasive exam:Cystoscopy Manual exam: KUB (Kidneys, Uterers, Bladder) |
| Urinalysis | Gram Stain (urine) Culture Specific gravity 1.0053 to 1.030 WBC with Differential 4,500-11,000/μL |
| Intravenous pyelography (IVP) | IVP is an x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder after an injection of a contrast medium. • Informed consent • Allergy to contrast medium ris |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 10-20 mg/100 mL End product of protein metabolism Increased levels may be caused by dehydration, V/D and digested blood • Excreted by the kidneys • Used to evaluate renal function |
| Creatinine | 0.5-1.2 mg/100mL Endogenous waste product of skeletal muscle– Produced in relatively constant quantities by the muscles • Excreted by the kidneys • Amount of creatinine relates to renal excretory function |
| Catheterization | Major risk for infection Only when absolutely necessary Straight Cath for urine retention Maintain closed urinary drainage system Perineal care daily Increase fluids |
| nephron | functional unit of kidneys |
| proteinuria | presence of large proteins in urine |
| erythropoietin | functions w/i the bone marrow to stimulate rbc production |
| renin | enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotension 1 |
| renal calculus | kidney stone |
| reflex incontinence | loss of voluntary control, micturition pathway intact |
| five factors that influence urination | sociocultural, psychosocial,fluid balance, surgical procedures, diagnostic procedures |
| urinary diversion defined | temporary or permanently bypass the bladder and urethra as exit routes for urine |
| ileal loop or conduit | involves separating a loop of intestinal ileum w/ its blood supply intact. the ureters are implanted into isolated segment of ileum the remaining ileum is reconnected to rest of digestive tract |
| nephrostomy | a tube placed directly into renal pelvis tract |
| hesitancy with urination | due to enlarged prostate, anxiety, or urethral edema |
| dribbling with urination | may be due to stress incontince |
| ph of urine | 4.6-8.0 |
| signs of diabetes found in urine sample | protien,glucose,ketone bodies |
| urinalysis | checks values for ph, protein,glucose,ketones,blood and specific gravity |
| specific gravity | is the weight or degree of concentrate of a substance compared with egual volume |
| abdominal roentgenogram | determines the size, shape, symmetry and location of the kidneys |
| IVP | views the collecting ducts and renal pelvis and the outline of the urethra put on clear liquids until after test |
| endoscopy | direct visualization, specimen collection or treatment of the interior bladder and urethra |
| anteriogram | visualizes renal arteries and/or detects narrowing arteries |
| cystoscopy | visualize and possible remove calculi from urinary bladder and distal ureters |
| lithotripsy | using sound or shock waves to crush stones, is the preferred treatment of urinary calculi |
| renal biopsy | is preformed by using a cystoscope, excising a wedge of kidney tissue, or through the skin using a biopsy needle (percutaneous route) use to determine cause of renal disease |
| techniques to stimulate micturition | sound of running water stroking inner thigh pour warm water on perineum promote relaxation |
| functional incontinence | urge to void that causes loss of urine |
| interventions for functional incontinence | clothing modifications, bladder training, absorbant pads, environmental alterations |
| stress incontinence | loss of urine due to intrabdominal pressure (cough, sneeze, laughter) |
| interventions for stress incontinence | kegal exercises, surgical procedures, absorbant pads |
| mixed incontinence | combo stress and urge treatment based on client |
| reflex incontinence | lack of urge to void, unaware of bladder filling, reflex emptying when full |
| interventions for reflex incontinence | intermitten catheter, condom catheter, crede's method |
| PFE/Kegal exercises | Pelvic Floor Exercises and Kegal improve the strength of pelvis floor muscles |
| Difference between acute and chronic pyelonephritis | acute- bacteria infection chronic- non-bacterial infections-chemical, metabolic,or immunological |
| difference between spatic bladder dysfunction and flaccid bladder disfunction | spastic- loss of control flaccid- fullness perception lost |
| epididymitis | infection and inflammation of the epididymis |
| pathophysiology of cath UTI'S | The longer the cath in place greater risk for UTI the bacteria either enters through drainage bag and travels up tubing to the urethra or up the outer meatus into the urethra |
Created by:
noni1998
Popular Nursing sets