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Heart and PVS
Chapter 13 HA Heart and Peripheral Vascular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lymph system works in collaboration with the __________ in removing ______ from the _______ spaces | peripheral vascular system, fluid, interstitial |
| _______ fluid left in the ________ spaces is absorbed by the _________ system and carried to _________ throughout the body | excess, interstitial, lymph, lymph nodes |
| Lymphatic fluid is _______ and made of _____- | clear, water and protein (albumin) |
| apex | lower left ventricle |
| base | upper part of the heart |
| nodes are located along | blood vessels |
| main focuses of the health history | chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, urinating during the night (nocturia), fatigue, fainting (syncope), swelling of the extremities, and leg pain |
| A symptom analysis is completed that includes | location, quality, quantity, chronology, setting, associated manifestations, and alleviating and aggravating factors |
| tenting | fluid volume deficit |
| pitting edema | fluid excess |
| 1+ pitting edema | barely a pit 2mm |
| 2+ pitting edema | 4 mm deep pit |
| 3+ pitting edema | a deep pit 6mm rebounds in 10-20 seconds |
| 4+ pitting edema | a deeper pit rebounds in more than 30 seconds 8mm |
| ICS | INTERCOSTAL SPACE |
| RICS | RIGHT INTERCOSTAL SPACE |
| LICS | LEFT INTERCOSTAL SPACE |
| SB | STERNAL BORDER |
| RSB | RIGHT STERNAL BORDER |
| LSB | LEFT STERNAL BORDER |
| MCL | MIDCLAVICULAR LINE |
| RMCL | RIGHT MIDCLAVICULAR LINE |
| LMCL | LEFT MIDCLAVICULAR LINE |
| Auscultation of the heart | AORTIC, PULMONIC, ERB'S POINT, TRICUSPID, MITRAL (APETM) |
| normal rate | 60-100 bpm |
| normal rhythm | regular-equal spacing between beats |
| regular irregularity | pattern to the irregular rhythm |
| irregular irregularity | no pattern to the irregular rhythm |
| amplitude | easily palpable, smooth upstroke (0+ absent 1+ diminished, barely palpable 2+ normal 3+ full volume 4+ full volume, bounding hyperkinetic) |
| contour | outline of the pulse that is felt-smooth and rounded, a series of unvaried symmetric pulse strokees |
| lift | feels like a more sustained thrust than an expected apical pulse and is felt during systole |
| heave | prominent thrust of the heart against the chest wall during systole |
| thrill | palpable vibration over the precordium or arter; it feels like fine, palpable, rushing vibration |
| retraction | visble sinking in of tissues between and around the ribs. occurs with increased respiratory effort |
| S1 | lower in pitch then S2 |
| S2 | higher in pitch then S1 |
| GRADE 1 MURMUR | barely audible in a quiet room |
| GRADE 2 MURMUR | quiet but clearly audible |
| GRADE 3 MURMUR | moderately loud |
| GRADE 4 MURMUR | loud and associated with a thrill |
| GRADE 5 MURMUR | very loud, and a thrill is easily palpable |
| GRADE 6 MURMUR | very loud, and a thrill is palpable and visible |
| valvular heart disease | acquired or congenital disorder of a heart valve that does not open completely or one that does not close completely |
| angina pectoris | chest pain that is due to ischemia of the myocardium. angina occurs bc of increase demand on the heart or at rest as a result of spasms of the coronary arteries. squeezing suffocating constricting pain |
| myocardial infarction | myocardial ischemia is sustained resultin in death of myocardial cells (necrosis) pain that radiates to the left shoulder, jaw, arm. not relieved by rest or nitro. distant heart sounds with a thready pulse |
| heart failure | when either ventricle fails to pump blood efficiently into the aorta or pulmonary arteries |
| left ventricular failure | faatigue, shortness of breath, orthopnea, dyspnea on exertion, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. |
| right ventricular failure | elevated jugular venous pressure, dependent peripheral edema, weight gain |
| infective endocarditis | an infection of the endothelial layer of the heart, including the cardiac valves. heart sounds are normal early on but then a murmur is heard if valve damage keeps occuring |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium and outer myocardium. pericardiam friction rub and chest pain |
| hypertension | BP above 120/80 |
| venous thrombosis and thrombophlebitis | when a clot develops within a vein. thrombophlebitis is when inflammation of a vein with or without a clot. redness, warmth, tenderness, edema |
| aneurysm | localized dilation of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall. |
Created by:
shardy
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