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Ansazi=XC
Anasazi-Mr.B.-SS-Period F
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anasazi(1) | Culture that existed from about 1200 BC to 1300 AD in the 4 corners area of the SW U.S. Best known for the ruins of their monumental cliff dwelling at places like Mesa Verde, which they abandoned at the end of the 13th century. |
| Anasazi(2) | Navaho(more correctly,"Dine"or "Dineh") word which, dependingon pronounciation, means either "enemy ancestors" or "ancient people who are not us." |
| Pueblo culture | Spanish for "town." Indian villiage in the American Southwest |
| Mesa Verde | Spanish for "green plateau." 1. National Park in southwestern Colorado, site of many Anasazi cliff dwellings. 2. The Anasazi region around Mesa Verde. San Juan River region. |
| Chaco Canyon | Extensive Ancient Puebloan culture (circa 800 AD)in NW New Mexico; Known for massive stone buildings(Great Houses) of multiple stories containing hundreds of rooms, extensive roads, and water conrol systems. |
| Aztec Ruins | Anasazi villiage in New Mexico with largest reconstructed ceremonial kiva. |
| Bandelier | National monument containing a number of ancestral pueblo homes, multi-story dwellings, kivas, rock paintings and petroglyphs. Some of the dwellings werre rock structures built on the canyon floor(AZ). |
| Tuzigoot | Ancient hilltop agricultural pueblo in AZ that consisted of 110 one, two, and three story structures(1000-1400 AD). |
| Hopi | Believed to be descended from the ancient puebloan cultures who constructed large apartment-house complexes in NE Arizona and NW New Mexico along the Mogollon Rim, from 1100-1300 AD, when they abandoned their large villages. |
| Zuni | Like the Hopi, descendants of the Anasazi. |
| Navajo | AKA "Dene" people were hunter\gatherers until they adopted Pueblo life. Known for raising sheep, blanket weaving, and pottery. The Navajo Reservation in AZ is the largest in the USA. |
| Taos | An ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos(Northern Tiwa) speaking tribe of pueblo people. Still inhabited, it is approximately 1000 years old and lies about 1 mile north of the modern day city of Taos, New Mexico. |
| Acoma | Known as "sky city," it is a Native American pueblo built on top of a 367 foot sandstone mesa in New Mexico. It is one of the oldest continually inhabited communities within the USA. Known for distinctive orange, white, and black pottery. |
| flint | A hard, sedementry crystalline form of the mineral quartz; can be "flaked" with a harder stone to make arrowheads, spearpoints, etc. |
| drought | An extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region recieves consistently below average annual precipitation |
| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who conquered Mexico and the American Southwest and established a network of settlements(16th-18th century AD). Forced Indians to convert to christianity |
| Pueblo Revolt | In 1680, after years of Spanish religious persecution and brutality, New Mexico and Arizona pueblos coordinated an attack on the Spanish and drove them back to Mexico. 12 years later, Captain General Diego de Vargas led a bloodless reconquest. |
| turquoise | An opaque, blue-green mineral prized by the Navajo and other peublo peoples for making silver jewelry. |
| sandpainting | The art of pouring colored sands, powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, and pigments from other natural sources onto a surface to make a fixed or unfixed sand painting.Often temporary,ritual paintings are prepared for religious or heal |
| mano | Spanish for hand. Grinding stone. A hand-held stone used to grind grain, nuts, and seeds on the larger metate. |
| metate | A flat or slightly concave stone base on which grain, nuts, and seeds were ground using the smaller mano. |
| Taos | Pueblo The oldest, continually inhabited pueblo in America, near the upper Rio Grande canyon(NM). |
| Mogollon | Spanish for hanger-on, or sponger. A seperate culture which coexisted and had commerce with the Anasazi. These ancient farmers lived in what is now southern AZ-NM and northern Mexico. Named for the Mogollon Plataeu. |
| Hohokam | A Native American culture flourishing from about the 3rd century B.C. to the mid 15th century A.D. in south-central Arizona, noted for the construction of an extensive system of irrigation canals. |
| Colorado Plateau | Roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern US. 90% of the area is drained by the Colorado River. Largely made up of deserts, with scattered areas of forests. The Grand Canyon is in the SW corner. |
| foot holds\hand holds | Holes carved into the sheer rock face of cliffs so pueblo people could climb up or down from cliff dwellings. Also made defense of their villages easier. |
| nomadic | Constantly moving; never settling in one place; following food supplies and moving with the seasons. |
| sedentary Stationary; | settled in one place. |
| horticulture | Cultivating plants and seeds for food. |
| Pueblo diet | Pueblo diet corn, beans, squash, pinon nuts, fish, deer, rabbits, antelope, birds. |
| Santa Clara | Pueblo on the Rio Grande, between Ohkay Owingeh(formerly San Jaun Pueblo) to the north and San Ildefonso Pueblo to the south.Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand crafted pottery, specificly blackware and reware with deep engravings. |
| Kiva(Great Kiva) | 1. A square, above-ground room used by modern day Hopi for religiousand spiritual ceremonies. 2. A subterranean room- usually round, generally believed to have been used by the Anasazi men for religious and ceremonial purposes. |
| foot drums | Rectangular hardwood boards of different thicknesses or stretched animal hides laid across a rectangular kiva pit that make a deep resonating sound when danced upon. |
| pictographs | Pictures or picture-like symbols that represent an idea or tell a story. Pictographs can be foundin the works of many ancient cultures on papyrus or wood,on cloth, on pottery and jewelry, painted on walls. |
| pottery | Pueblo culture is known for many styles of pottery from across the plateau region. Each pueblo has its own distinctive style. |
| yucca plant | Member of the agave family with stiff green sword-like leaves an white flowerson a tall stalk. Pueblo peoples used roots and flowers for food, tips for needles, fibers for weaving baskets, sandals and rope, and sap(aloe vera) for medicine. |
| kachinas | 1. Benevolent spiritual intermediaries between certain southwestern peoplesand the gods. Kachinas bring good health, fertility, rain, abundance, and other blessings. 2. Dolls or images of the supernatural beings. |
| weaving | Pueblo peoples wove decorative baskets and sandals from the fibers of the yucca plant. They wove colorful, intricate blankets from sheep's wool, dyed with natural plant and rock materials. |
| mesa | An elevated area of land with a flat topand sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape. |
| Monument Valley | Region in the Colorado Plateau characterized by a cluster of vast sandstone buttes, the largest reaching 1,000 ft above the valley floor. |
| cliff dwellers | Native Americans of the Anasazi culture who were builders of the ancient cliff dwellings found in the canyons, under cliff overhangs and on the mesas of the U.S. southwest. |
| Montezuma's Castle | Well-preserved cliff-dwellings. They were built and used by the Pre-Columbian Sinagua people, northern cousins of the Hohokam around 700 AD. Several Hopi clans trace their roots to immagrants from the Montezuma's Castle\Beaver Creek area. |
| hogan | The primary traditional round home of the Navajo people; made of wooden poles covered with a ayer of mud. Door faces east to face the sun. |
| wickiup | A temporary domed room dwelling, usually consructed of branches and reeds used by certain southwest Native American tribes to provide shade and ventilation. |
| maize | Early form of corn. |
| Fremont Culture | The Fremont lived a lifestyle that revolved largely around hunting and gathering and corn horticulture. A Pre-Columbian archaelogical culture which recieved it's name from the Fremont River in the U.S. state of Utah. |
| marauders | Nomadic tribes who raided and plundered agricultural pueblos. |
| Apache One of the nomadic, hunter-gatherer, marauding tribes of the Southwest plateau region. Speak Athabaskan. | One of the nomadic, hunter-gatherer, marauding tribes of the Southwest plateau region. Speak Athabaskan. |
| granary | Storage room for grain made of adobe mud bricks, stone and\or wood frames. Usually in high cliff locations to protect from animals and raiding tribes. |
| Kayenta | Regional group of the Anasazi, named for the region around Kayenta in northeastern Arizona. Monument Valley. The Kayenta Anasazi are ancestors of the Hopi, who prefer to call the area "Wunuqa." |
| Keresan | One of the languages of the Anasazi and descendants, including the people of Acoma, Cochiti, Laguna, Santa Ana, Santa Domingo, San Filipe, and Zia Pueblos in New Mexico. |
| Kokopelli | A well known mythological hump-backed flute player in most Southwestern Pueblo cultures. Among other things, this spiritual figure represents fertility and rain. |
| Moqui\Moki | A Hopi word meaning "the dead" which is often used to identify their ancestors. Preferred to the Dine Navajo word, "Anasazi." |
| petroglyph | Rock carving or rock art made by "pecking" the surface with another rock. Ex. "Newspaper Rock" in Holbrook, Arizona. |
| pinon | Spanish for "pine nut."Small pine tree with large edible nuts. |
| pithouse | A house built substancially underground. Used by many early cultures, including the Anasazi. Consisted of a pit, often lined with rocks, and a roof of branches, mud, etc., held up by verticle timbers, usually four. |
| potsherd | Fragment of broken pottery. Also "shard" |
| Pueblo Bonito | Spanish for "pretty village." The most famous Great House at Chaco Canyon. |
| Puebloan | 1. Modern Native American Indian peoples, including those living at Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, Laguna, Jemez, and Zia pueblos and the 14 Rio Grande pueblos. 2. Anasazi ancestors of the modern Puebloans. |
| sipapu | 1. The "navel" of the Earth from which distant Puebloan ancestors are said to have emerged as they entered the present world. 2. The small hole or indentation in the floor of a kiva which symbolizes the people's Earthly origin. |
| spindle whorl | In hand spinning, the spindle is a rounded wooden rod for twisting cotton fibers into thread. The whorl is a sort of flywheel that regulates the speed of the spinning wheel. |
| teosinte | Tall grass-like native of Mexico with tassel and small, hard ears. Believed to be ancestor of corn. |
| tree-ring dating | Scientific technique of comparing a cut timber to a master calendar of tree-ring growth from about 6,700 B.C. to the present. Based on the fact that a tree ring grows each year and the rings are narrower in dry years and wider in wet years. |
| stone mortar and pestle | Hollowed stone bowl and mashing tool used to grind maize, nuts, berries, and pigments. |
| Colorado River | 1,450 mile long river that flows southwest from the Continental Divide to the Gulf of California. It's powerful waters formed the Grand Canyon over 9 million years. |
| Rio Grande River | 1,896 miles long and flows from southwestern Colorado in the United States to the Gulf of Mexico. Forms U.S. southern border with Mexico. |
| Pueblo culture | music Foot drums, tamborines, reed flute, turtle shell rattles used to create connections to the spirit world and reflect sounds of the natural |
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Mr.Alphogal
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