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Psychology1*1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Continuity | continual progression from beginning of life to the end |
| Discontinuity | growth as occurring in identifiable stages each with distinct problems & characteristics |
| Independent variable | variable can be changed “independently” of other factors; “cause” |
| Dependent variable | this variable “depends” on what happens to subjects in the experiment; “effect” |
| Longitudinal | studying the same individuals over a “long” period of time |
| Cross Sectional | comparison of people at various ages |
| Cross Sequential | combination of longitudinal and cross sectional designs; starts with a cross sectional studies of individuals with different ages then after some time, the same individuals are tested again |
| Correlation | a mathematical statistic that indicates whether 2 variables are related to each other |
| Positive correlation | one variable changes in the same direction as another variable changes |
| Negative correlation | when 2 variables are inversely related; when one goes up the other goes down |
| Causation | when change in one variable causes a change in another |
| Cohort effect | changes due to a subject’s time of birth or generation but not actually to “age” |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | interprets human behavior and development in terms of intrinsic drives and motives, many of which are unconscious |
| Punishment | a term used in ope rant conditioning to explain anything that “decreases” a behavior |
| Zone of proximal development (ZPD) | range of skills that can be used without assistance versus what can be obtained with help |
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