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nervous-endocrine
terms related
| Que | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 components of neurons | body, axons, dendrites |
| Functions of Nervous system | sense change, interupt changes, responds by imitating motor function |
| 2 cell types of nervous system | neurons and neuroglia |
| 2 efferent subdivisions | SNS, ANS |
| ANS subdivisions | parasynthetic and synthetic |
| covering of nerve | myolin |
| site for a tumor | neuroglia |
| afferent | toward brain, sensory in nerve |
| efferent | away from brain, motor response |
| motor neurons (autonomic neurons) | that conduct impulses from the brain stem or spinal cord to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands |
| motor neurons are responsible for | regulating heart rate, regulating peristalsis (smooth muscle contraction of the digestive organs), and the release of secretions from certain glands, such as the salivary glands in the mouth. |
| Characteristics of the ANS | It is a two-neuron and one ganglion pathway. Sensory signals from viscera and skin send signals to autonomic neurons in brain and spinal cord. A postganglionic fiber terminates on the effector organ. |
| dual innervation | organs are innervated by both divisions of ans (heart, salivary glands). |
| Location of Preganglionic neurons in synthetic division | T12 - L2 in the lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord. |
| Preganglionic neurons in synthetic division | send fibers out the ventral root. They leave the spinal nerves through the white rami (myelin) and enter the sympathetic trunk. |
| Ganglionic neurons (in the synthetic division) are located | within the sympathetic chain ganglia or in collateral ganglia outside of the sympathetic trunk. |
| Postganglionic fibers travel | leave the sympathetic trunk through the gray rami and pass through the spinal nerve again before terminating on the effector organ. |
| Preganglionic fibers of synthetic division | are short and myelinated. |
| Postganglionic fibers of synthetic divison | are long an unmyelinated |
| Location of preganglionic neurons in parasynthetic division | Brain stem and S2, S3, and S4. |
| Preganglionic fibers travel through | cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X, and in the lateral horns of gray matter in S2-S4, and synapse with peripheral ganglia located very near or directly on the effector organ. |
| Ganglionic neurons (in parasynthetic division) are located | within peripheral ganglia. |
| Preganglionic fibers in parasythetic division | are long and myelinated. |
| Postganglionic fibers in parasythetic division | are short and not myelinated. |
| Parasympathetic fibers | do not control the diameter of the systemic arterioles but ARE responsible for peristalsis in the intestines. |
| Cholinergic fibers | release Ach. |
| Two types of cholinergic fibers | Nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors |
| Nicotinic receptors | are found in the somatic system on the motor end plates of skeletal muscle cells and in the ANS on all postganglionic neurons and the hormone producing cells of the adrenal medulla. ACh binding to a nicotinic receptor is excitatory. |
| Muscarinic receptors | (named for muscarine, a mushroom poison) are found in effectors that are stimuled by cholinergic fibers. The effect is inhibitory or excitatory based on the target |
| what fibers release ACh | All preganglionic fibers release ACh (both parasympathetic & sympathetic) Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers also release ACh |
| Adrenergic fibers | release NE. |
| Two types of Adrenegic fibers | Alpha and Beta |
| Alpha fibers | excitatory |
| Beta fibers | inhibitory, except in the cardiac muscle where it is excitatory. |
| Sympathetic postganglionic fibers | release NE except those that innervate sweat glands and some blood vessels in the skin and skeletal muscles (which cause vasodilation rather than vasoconstriction) |
| Three major types of autonomic ganglia | lateral ganlia, prevertebral ganglia, and intramural ganglia. |
| Sympathetic trunk or paravertebral, lateral ganglia | from skull to coccyx bone, also called the vertebral chain. |
| Prevertebral ganglia | receive preganlionic fibers from the SNS. Ventral to the spinal cord and are associated with abdominal arteries, collateral ganglia |
| Parasympathetic, terminal or intramural ganglia | There located in the cranial sacral division, also in autonomic plexi. |
| Tract | is nerve fibers found inside the central nervous system |
| Nerves | are fibers found outside the CNS |
| Ganglia | are a bundle of nerve cell bodies that are outside the CNS |
| Located in the back of the spinal cord | the dorsal root ganglia which is sensory and afferent. |
| Everything in the motor | are in the front and efferent. |
| White fibers | are myelinated, gray fibers are not. |
| Slanchnic nerves | enervate around the spinal cord and in the viscera. |
| Two systems that control the body | are the nervous (electrical) and endocrine systems. |
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hope0013
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