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Ch 12 Church History
People of Reform and Renewal 1517-1648
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is conciliarism? | that councils should have supreme authority in the Church even to that of the pope |
| What did people begin to question about the Church during this time? | debates about the nature of the Church; the origin and extent of the authority of the pope, the councils and Europe’s many princes; lack of education of local priests; resented the teaxes they had to pay to the Church and to the Holy Roman Empire TALK CE |
| To what order of priests/monks did Martin Luther belong? | Augustinian order |
| What concerned Luther the most about the Church? | the abuses and scandal he saw in the church |
| What is the Catholic Church’s teaching about faith and good works? | we are saved by faith in God but we also must express our faith through good works |
| What is an indulgence? | the remission of the temporal punishment due to sins already forgiven by God. |
| Which pope approved an indulgence for those who made monetary donations to the building of St. Peter’s Basilica? | Pope Leo X |
| What did Luther argue about the selling of indulgences? | Luther argued that salvation is purely a gift from God and that it was not possible for a person to earn salvation. People could not free the souls deceased relatives from purgatory by buying an indulgence. |
| What are the Ninety-Five Theses? When and where was it posted? | a list describing the sale of indulgences and other Church-related issues. It was posted on the door of the Church in Wittenberg |
| What was the Protestant Reformation? | a great revolt against the Catholic church |
| What were Luther’s reforms? | the importance of scripture; dismissed the authority of Tradition in Christian life; rejected the Latin Mass and he wrote a communion service in German; rejected the ordained priesthood, the monastic life, most of the sacraments and the authority of the p |
| How did Pope Leo X and Emperor Charles V react to Luther's reforms? | Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther and in the city of Worms in Germany Emperor Charles V had the governing body called the Diet, declare Luther an outlaw. |
| Why was Emperor Charles V unable to bring Germany back to Catholicism? | constant wars with the French and invasions by the Muslim Turks |
| What invention allowed the ideas of the Reformation to spread quickly? | the invention of the printing press |
| Who was Huldrych Zwingli? What were his reforms/beliefs? | Swiss reformer rejected the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist; replaced the Mass with a memorial service commemorating the Last Supper; declared that the Bible was the only source of faith and encouraged ordinary people to interpret Scripture for t |
| Who were the Anabaptists? What were their reforms/beliefs? | rebaptizers rejected the validity of infant Baptism they baptized adults against; rejected collecting church taxes or tithes; rejected both the authority of the Church and civil government. They wanted to live in their own isolated communities; Amish and |
| Who was John Calvin? What were his reforms/beliefs? | Frenchman; rejected the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist; believed in predestination |
| Explain the idea of predestination. | A false doctrine that states that God, regardless of any efforts people make to live good lives on earth, chooses some people for heaven and some for hell |
| Describe Henry VIII’s role in the Protestant Reformation pg 130 | did not set out to reform Catholic doctrine; was given the title “defender of the Faith” by the pope for speaking out against Luther’s claim that Baptism and Eucharist were valid sacraments. When his marriage did not produce a son he became angry with the |
| When and under whom did the Church of England begin to change significantly (when it no longer resembled the Catholic Church)? | Between 1547 to 1553 Edward VI |
| What new society did Pope Paul III approve in 1540? For what is this society well know? Who are some famous members of this society? | The Society of Jesus – Jesuits became famous for their scholarship in defense of the faith and missionary zeal; Ignatius of Loyola; Francis Xavier; Peter Canisius Robert Bellarmine; Edmund Campion 22. Which pope called for the Council of Trent? pg 131 |
| Which pope called for the Council of Trent? | Pope Paul III |
| During what time period did the Council of Trent meet? Which popes presided over the different sessions?pg 131 | 1545 to 1563 in three sessions under the leadership of Paul III, Julius III and Pius IV |
| What did the Council of Trent address, affirm, and require? | sacraments; teaching authority of the Church; Real Presence; Devotions and sacramentals; authority and respect for clergy; predestination; salvation through faith and good works |
| When was the Roman Catechism finished? Who was pope when it was completed? | 1566 Pope Pius V |
| What is the lasting significance of the Council of Trent? | The Council set forth the official teachings of the Church on all important mater signaling the beginning of a substantial program of reform within the church itself |
| What is the Counter-Reformation? | the Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation |
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