click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Male Repro Pathology
Bakhtar-Male Reproductive Pathology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
seminoma | most common pure germ cell tumor identical to dysgerminoma gray-white lobulated cut surface large round cells, clear cytoplasm, large nuclei, prominent nucleoli in dense background of lymphocytes secrete hCG |
spermatocytic seminoma | germ cell tumor unrelated to "classic" seminoma no metastatic potential three cell types: medium, small, giant |
embryonal carcinoma | germ cell tumor can be aggressive often hemorrhagic undifferentiated cells growing in alveolar or tubular pattern |
yolk sac tumor | germ cell tumor counterpart of endodermal sinus tumor in females most common testicular tumor in children < 3 y.o. Schiller Duval Bodies Secrete AFP |
choriocarcinoma | germ cell tumor highly malignant tumor hemorrhagic and necrotic syncytiotrophoblasts (secrete hCG) and cytotrophoblasts |
teratoma | germ cell tumor benign and/or malignant components from more than one germ cell layer can have mature/immature elements can have respiratory elements differentiated teratomas in males: -children: benign -post-pubertal: malignant |
leydig cell tumor | sex cord tumor secretes androgens |
lymphoma | most common testicular tumor in patients > 60 y.o. most common is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
mixed tumor | germ cell tumor most common testicular tumor prognosis worsens based on type of cancer |
seminoma vs non-seminoma | seminoma: often present at low age, primarily lymphatic route of spread, radiosensitive non-seminoma: often present at high age, primarily hematogenous route of spread, radioresistant |
cryptochordism | failure of intra-abdominal testis to descend two phases: transabdominal and inguinosacral (the most common) 75% unilateral increased risk of cancer in both testes |
hypospadias | congenital defect urethral opening on underside of penis |
epispadias | congenital defect urethral opening on topside or bottom side of penis |
phimosis | foreskin can't be retracted fully over glans penis |
testicular torsion | twisting of spermatic cord venous drainage blocked and increased arterial pressure-->hemorrhagic infarct testis remain viable if untwisted within 6hrs underlying malignancy should always be excluded |
condyloma | skin disease HPV-related dysplasia: HPV 6 and 11 display koilocytic atypia |