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BKB Nursing 1 Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal levels for pH are: | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| Normal levels for PaCO2 are: | 45 - 35 |
| Normal levels for HCO3 are: | 22 - 26 |
| If pH is < 7.35, is the solution acidic or Alkaline? | Acidic |
| If PaCO2 is < 35, is the solution acidic or Alkaline? | Alkaline |
| If HCO3 is < 22, is the solution acidic or Alkaline? | Acidic |
| If you have an acidic solution based on both pH and PaCO2 being acidic, is it Respiratory Acidosis or Metabolic Acidosis? | Respiratory Acidosis |
| If you have an acidic solution based on both pH and HCO3 being acidic, is it Respiratory Acidosis or Metabolic Acidosis? | Metabolic Acidosis |
| If you have an alkaline solution based on both pH and PaCO2 being alkalitic, is it Respiratory Alkalosis or Metabolic Alkalosis? | Respiratory Alkalosis |
| If you have an acidic solution based on both pH and HCO3 being alkalitic, is it Respiratory Alkalosis or Metabolic Alkalosis? | Metabolic Alkalosis |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Dirrhea, Renal Failure, Shock, Salicylate overdose, and Sepsis are symptoms of what acid-base imbalance? | Metabolic Acidosis |
| Loss of gastric secretions, Overuse of antacids, and Potassium-wasting diuretics are symptoms of what acid-base imbalance? | Metabolic Alkalosis |
| Hypoventilation, may be related to: Drug overdose, Chest trauma, Pulmonary edema, Airway obstruction, COPD, Neuromuscular disease are symptoms of what acid-base imbalance? | Respiratory Acidosis |
| Hyperventilation, may be related to: Anxiety, High altitude, Pregnancy, Fever, Hypoxia, Excessive tidal volume in ventilated patients, & Initial stage Pulmonary embolus are symptoms of what acid-base imbalance? | Respiratory Alkalosis |
| Define Hydrostatic pressure: | The intravascular pressure |
| Define Colloid Osmotic pressure: | A lower intravascular presure than the extravascular pressure causing a pulling effect. |
| An Edema is caused by: | An accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. |
| What is Hypernatremia? | An excess of sodium in the ECF (serum sodium > 145 mEq/L) Normal range is 135 - 145. |
| What is Hypokalemia? | A deficit of potassium in the ECF (serum potassium < 3.5 mEq/L) Normal range is 3.5 - 5. |
| Normal levels of serum calcium are: | 8.9 - 10.1 mEq/L |
| Normal levels of iodized calcium are: | 4.5 - 5.1 mg/dL |
| Normal levels of serum magnesium are: | 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L |
| Normal levels of serum phosphorus are: | 2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL or 1.8 - 2.6 mEq/L |
| Normal levels of serum cloride are: | 96 - 106 mEq/L |
| What are some Constipating foods? | Processed cheese, Lean meat, Eggs, Pasta |
| What are some foods with a Laxative effect? | Certain fruits and vegetables (prunes), bran, chocolate, spicy foods, alcohol, coffee |
| What are some gas producing foods? | onions, cabbage, beans, cauliflower |
| What is Paralytic Ileus? | The temporary stoppage of peristalsis, usually lasting for 24 to 48 hours. |
| What can cause stool to appear white or speckled white? | Antiacids |
| What can cause stool to appear black? | Iron |
| What can cause stool to appear green or gray? | Antibiotics |
| If a patient has a barium enema, what is a common side effect of this? | Constipation |
| What are the three categories of enemas? | Clensing, Retention, and Medicated |
| What is Filtration pressure? | The difference between colloid osmotic pressure and blood hydrostatic pressure |
Created by:
brian.belson
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