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Pharm quizz 3

Stack #76891

drugclassactionindicationsimportant notesside effects
acarbose alpha glucosidase inhibitor delays breakdown and absorption of carbs in SI DM type2 avoid with IBD, take with first bite of meal, trt hypoglycemia with glucose or milk only, monitor LFT's often gas, N/D, GI pain, anemia
glyburide sulfonylurea gooses pancrease DM type 2 1-2x/day with meals, BB's may mask signs of hypoglycemia hypoglycemia esp if taken HS, disulfiram rxn
metformin biguanide decreases release of glucose from liver, improves sensitivity to insulin DM type 2 stop one day before and 48 hrs after iodine dye tests, need good kidney fxn, monitor kidney and liver, metallic taste resolves bloating, N/D, decreased appetite, lactic acidosis
lispro rapid insulin insulin DM onset <15 min, duration 3-6 hours take immed before or just after a meal
regular insulin short insulin insulin DM only insulin able to be IV, take 30 min pre-meal, duration 3-6 hrs, peak 2-4 hrs hypoglycemia
neutral protamine hagedorn intermediate insulin insulin DM 1-2x daily, onset 2-4, peak 4-10 hrs sensitivity to protein
glargine long acting insulin DM peakless, once daily at HS do not mix, no IV
albuterol bronchodialtor relaxes smooth muscle in lungs asthma, COPD rapid onset, short duration tachycardia, tremor, angina
captopril ACE-inhibitor vasodilation HTN, CHF, MI, diabetic nephropathy lie supine 3-4 hours with first dose, notify doc in >20mm drop cough, first dose hypotn, hyperK, neutropenia, rash
carbamazepine anti-convulsant alters Na channels in synapses epilepsy, bipolar disorder, neuralgias tolerance develops to side effects, min. cognitive effect, avoid grapefruit juice BM suppression, visual disturbances, ataxia
cromolyn anti-asthmatic mast cell stabilizer, suppress inflamm prophylaxis of asthma, allergic rhinitis, exercise induced takes few weeks for effect, useful 15 min pre-exposure cough, brohchospasm rare
donepezil anti-alzheimers inhibits acetylcholinesterase which allows build-up of Ach Alzheimers reversible inhib, not for heart probs, obstruct of intest or GU N/D, bradycardia, headache
enoxaparin anti-coagulant prevents thrombus formation px DVT and PE, trt DVT, ischemic complicatins protamine sulfate for OD (1:1), predictable so no monitoring of coagulation times, long half life (1-2x day dosing) bleeding
heparin anti-coagulant prevents thrombus by inactivating factors, limits extension of existing thrombi thromboembolic disorders, esp venous thromb., PE, stroke, MI, DIC, renal dialysis, open hrt surgery flush of lines injection, IV, instant onset, brief duration, not used for brain,sp. crd, eye surgery lumbar puncture, monitor aPTT=60-80 sec (norm=40) bleeding, hep induced thrombocytopenia(HIT) immune mediated increase in thrombotic events, protamine sulfate is antidote
warfarin anti-coagulant disrupts coagulation cascade by inhibiting synthesis of factors long term prophylaxis of thrombosis for artificial valves, atrial fib, venous thromb PO,delayed onset, monitor , PT >12, PT ratio=1.3-1.5, INR=2-3 bleeding, many drug interactions, Vit K is antidote
finasteride androgen inhibitor (testosterone) reduces size of prostate BPH, hair loss slow effects, best when prostate is really big, obtain baseline PSA decreases libido, decreases PSA
gabapentin anti-epileptic enhances GABA release(inhibitory neurotransmittor) seizures, post-herpetic neuralgia, migraines side effects lessen, do not drive, adjunct therapy of seizures dizzy, fatigue, ataxia, nystagmus
hydochlorothiazide thiazide diuretic blocks Na/Cl reabs HTN, edema assoc c heart failure won't work with severe kidney imp., careful c digoxin, HTN meds, no ototoxicity HypoNA, hypoCl, dehydration, hypoK, hyperglyc, hyperuricemia, increas LDL and cholesterol
levothyroxine TSH (synthetic) increases metabolic rate hypothyroidism take in am on empty stomach, not with Ca or iron suppl, Al antacid thyrotoxicosis,(tachycard, angina, nervousness, angina, hypertherm, heat intol, insomnia)
metoprolol beta-blocker(B1) decrease HR and SV(contractility), A-V conduct, renin by kidneys HTN, angina, CHF, MI, ventr arrythmias rebound cardiac excitation if abrupt withdr, monitor BP, AP<60 withhold, atropine in <40 bradycardia,AV hrt block, heart failure
phenobarbitol anti-convulsant barbiturate potentiates GABA epilepsy, sedation, anesthesia children can exhibit paradoxical rsponse, no specific antidote, abrupt withdrawl can cause seizures physical dep, sedation,resp depression, porphyria, agitation in elderly
phenytoin anti-convulsant inhibits Na channels epilepsy, cardiac dysrhythmias difficult to maintain proper therapeutic range, 10-20 mcg, gums can be minimized c good hygiene toxicity includes nystagmus, ataxia, confusion, nausea, dizzy, slurred speech, gingival hyperplasia, rash, hirsutism
pioglitazone thiazolidinediones reduces insulin resistance DM monitor LFT's, can decrease oral contraceptives, can raise HDL's edema, wt gain, ovulation in perimenopausal, URI, headache, sinusitis
spironolactone K-sparing diuretic incr reabsorp of K, decrease reabsorp of Na HTN, edema, primary aldosteronism used in comb c thiazide or loop, modest diuresis, do not give K suppl, be careful c ACE inhib, hyperK, dysrhythmias, endocrine(hormone) effects:gynomasteca, hirsutism, menstral irreg, impotence
tamsulosin anti-adrenergic decrease sm. musc contr of prostate BPH, incr outflow, decre residual no effect on HTN orthostatic hypotn, nasal congest, abnorm ejac
verapamil Ca channel blocker decres PR to lower BP, incr coronary perfusion HTN, angina, dysrthmia, migraine careful c digoxin (block), and BB's(bradycard, block, hrt failure), IV Ca to help reverse effects cardiosuppression, block, edema, constip,
Created by: sixhy
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