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EBP Sampling
Sampling Techniques in EBP Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Particular group of individuals or elements who are focus of research | Target Population |
| Humans, medical records, and specimens are examples of | Target Population |
| Those to who researcher wants to generalize or apply results | Target Population |
| All undergraduate students enrolled in a generic baccalaureate program in the united states is an example of | Target Population |
| A more efficient method of studying a designated population | Sampling |
| The process of selecting representative units of the population for study | Sampling |
| The _____ should have same key characteristics of the designated population | Sample |
| Should be representative | Sample |
| The ability to extend findings from sample under study to the larger population. | Generalization |
| Finding of a study can be applied to a more general popluation | Generalization |
| The extent of this ability is influenced by the quality of the study | Generalization |
| This is usually discussed in the 'methods section' of a report | Sample |
| Inclusion and exclusion criteria must be explained by whom? | Researcher |
| Determines subjects used in study by defining criteria used to Include or Exclude subject from study | Inclusion and Exclusion criteria |
| This is used to control for extraneous variables or bias | Inclusion and Exclusion criteria |
| This is the goal of sampling is to avoid what? | Bias |
| Characteristics that subject or element must possess to be part of the target population. Inclusion or Exclusion? | Inclusion |
| Between the ages of 18 to 45 Inclusion or Exclusion? | Inclusion |
| Admitted for abdominal hysterectomy. Inc or Ex? | Inclusion |
| Diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes within past month. Inc or Ex? | Inclusion |
| Characteristics that cause person or element to be excluded from target population. Inc or Ex? | Exclusion |
| Less than 18 years of age. Inc or Ex? | Exclusion |
| Diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction. Inc or Ex? | Exclusion |
| Unable to read or speak english. Inc or Ex? | Exclusion |
| What sort of sample is meant to be as similar as possible so as to control for extraneous variables? | Homogeneous sample |
| This is used to outline strategies used to obtain a sample for study | Sampling plan |
| Inclusion in a group is NOT random. Prob or Nonprob? | Nonprobability |
| Less generalizable. Prob or Nonprob? | Nonprobability |
| Less respresentative. Prob or Nonprob? | Nonprobability |
| Does NOT assure everyone in population of interest has equal chance of being included. Prob or Nonprob? | Nonprobability |
| Convenience Sampling, Quota Sampling, and Purposive sampling or examples of? | Nonprobability sampling |
| AKA accidental sampling. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Convenience |
| Used in quantitative and qualitative research. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Convenience |
| Includes whomever is available and willing to consent. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Convenience |
| Representativeness is a concern. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Convenience |
| Often used in health care research. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Convenience |
| Hard to control for bias. Highest risk of bias. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Convenience |
| Easy to find and recruit subjects. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Convenience |
| Uses convenience sampling. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Quota |
| Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Strategy used to ensure inclusion of subject types who are likely to be underrepresenteted in a convenience sample. | Quota |
| Goal is to replicate proportions of subgroups present in the population. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Quota |
| Limits or numbers established to make sample more representative of population. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Quota |
| Works better than convenience sampling to reduce bias. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Quota |
| Aka judgemental or selective. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Purposive |
| Intentionally selected because of characteristic(s). Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Purposive |
| Researcher selects subjects who are considered to be typical of the population. Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? | Purposive |
| Convenience, Quota, or Purposive? Assumes that errors of judgement in over representing or under representing characteristics of population in sample will BALANCE OUT | Purposive |
| Sampling based on researcher's judgment. Convenience, Quota, or Purposve? | Purposive |
| AKA snowballing sampling. Network or Theoretical? | Network |
| Takes advangate of social networks to get the sample. Network or Theoretical? | Network |
| One person in the sample asks another to join the sample, and so on. Network or Theoretical? | Network |
| Uses subject's contacts to identify other potential participants. Network or Theoretical? | Network |
| Network or Theoretical? Experience of smoking cessation among residents of WNC--Find individual from WNC trying to quit smoking and willing to share experience | Network |
| Used in grounded theory research. Network or Theoretical? | Theoretical |
| Network or Theoretical? Constructed from observations of the world as it is lived by selected group responding to a social situation | Theoretical |
| Their reality. Network or Theoretical? | Theoretical |
| Data gathered from any individual or group that can provide relevant data for theory generation. Network or Theoretical? | Theoretical |
| Network or Theoretical? The sample is saturated when data collection is complete based on the researchers' expectations | Theoretical |
| Diversity is encouraged in this sampling. Network or Theoretical? | Theoretical |
| Uses randomization to assign elements. Prob or Nonprob? | Probability |
| More generalizable Prob or Nonprob? | Probablity |
| Prob or Nonprob? More representative | Probability |
| Prob or Nonprob? Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling are examples of | Probability |
| Prob or Nonprob? Used in quantitative studies. | Probability |
| Prob or Nonprob? Purpose is to predict or show relationships | Probability |
| Prob or Nonprob? Each element of population has an equal and independent chance of being included in sample | Probability |
| Prob or Nonprob? Strongest type of sampling strategy | Probability |
| Randomly choosing sample. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Simple |
| Uses table of random numbers. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Simple |
| Each member identified and assigned a number. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Simple |
| Draw names out of a hat. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Simple |
| Use computer program. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Simple |
| Risk for bias is by chance alone. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Simple |
| Ensures all levels of identified variables adequately represented in sample. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Needs a large population with which to start. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Population is divided into homogeneous strata or subgroups. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Divided into 2 or more groups based on characteristics important to study. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Allows more representativeness. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Able to make comparisons among subsets. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Variables often stratified. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| IE: Age, Gender, Socioeconomic status, or types of nurses. Simple, stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Difficult to obtain population list containing complete information. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Time consuming. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Large-scale study is Costly. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Stratified |
| Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? Similar to quota sampling except individuals in each strata has equal chance of being selected | Stratified |
| AKA multistage sampling. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Cluster |
| Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? All areas with elements of identified population are linked. Then a randomized sample of these areas is chosen. | Cluster |
| Used to get a Geographically diverse sample. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Cluster |
| Also used when lack knowledge of variables. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Cluster |
| Most economical in terms of time and money. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Cluster |
| Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? IE: List a group of nursing students. Random sample of 5 programs. List all students in 5 programs. Then randomly select 100 students form list | Cluster |
| Selecting every kth individual on list, starting randomly. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Systematic |
| Subjects are selected at fixed intervals from table. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Systematic |
| Researcher must know number of elements in population and the sample size desired. Simple, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic? | Systematic |
| Type of design and sampling procedure must be considered in the | Sample Size |
| Formula may be used for estimating optimum what? | Sample Size |
| How often the phenomenon of interest occurs in the population (common v. rare) must be considered in the | Sample Size |
| Projected cost is often established when considering the | Sample Size |
| General rule of thumb with sampling size | Use the largest sample possible |
| The larger the sample size... | The greater the chance of getting results that are statistically significant |
| Power analysis can be used to calculate what? | Sample size |
| Internal validity is a concept related to what? | Sampling validity |
| Bias due to subject self-selection or researcher bias in selecting is the definition of what? | Selection effect (Internal) |
| Loss of subjects from a study is an example of which sampling threat? | Attrition and Mortality (Internal) |
| If subjects in study are different from those who drop out is an example of which sampling threat? | Attrition and Mortality (Internal) |
| Withdrawal or loss of subjects from a study | Sample Attrition (Internal) |
| Number of subjects who remain and complete study | Sample Retention (Internal) |
| Selection effect and attrition and mortality are included. External or Internal Validity? | Internal |
| Generalizability to other populations or settings External or Internal? | External |
| Findings of study can be applied to more general population External or Internal? | External |
| Only quantitative research has goal of generalization External or Internal? | External |
Created by:
Blitzkid22
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