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OLOL ~ Anxiety
N140 OLOL Psych ~ Anxiety Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anxiety | an unexplained discomfort, tension, apprehension, or uneasiness occurring when a person feels threatened. It can be real or imagined. |
| Stress | ___ is not a disorder, but can trigger anxiety, which is a common human emotion. |
| Anxiety disorders | The most common of all psychiatric disorders. |
| Dual diagnosis | Persons with an anxiety disorder commonly have a ____ ____ of substance abuse. |
| Mild anxiety | increases sensory awareness and alertness; heightens communication skills; motivates learning; affects logical thoughts, increasing ability to concentrate and problem solve. |
| Moderate anxiety | attentive, able to focus&problem solve;person can attend to greater sensory input if directed to do so;however, decreases in perceptions of sensory stimuli, person becomes hesitant. |
| Moderate anxiety | body language may inlcude excessive gesturing & restlessness |
| Moderate anxiety | Physical symptoms may include: headache, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, anorexia, urinary frequency, palmar sweating, increased HR/BP, & muscle tension. |
| Mild anxiety | person appears calm, no physical symptoms |
| Moderate anxiety | There are changes in speech patterns,w/an increase in rate&volume w/frequent changing of topic; person exhibits wordiness (i.e. they can't express what they truly want to say, and someone will try to and they say "oh yeah, that's what I'm trying to say"). |
| Moderate anxiety | usually requires intervention. |
| Severe anxiety | perception becomes increasingly distorted, sensory input diminishes, & processing of sensory stimuli becomes scattered & disorganized. |
| Severe anxiety | Non-verbal behaviors may include tremors, grimaces, pacing, hang wringing and often verbalization of emotional pain, may be withdrawn; often verbalizes "I can't handle this." |
| Severe anxiety | Physical symptoms include: shallow, rapid breathing, tight feeling in throat, tremors, headache, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, anorexia, urinary frequency, palmar sweating, increased HR/BP, muscle tension. |
| Panic state | person is unable to discern the most basic issues related to safety and well-being; loss of logical, rational thinking; person is out of control, unable to function. |
| Panic state | a persons behavior is angry, aggressive, withdrawn, crying, clinging |
| Panic state | requires immediate attention -- be calm, yet directive.Use eye contact, call them by name. Tell them exactly what you need them to do.You may use touch. |
| Severe | rapid, shallow breathing |
| Moderate | muscle tension |
| Moderate | headache |
| Moderate | increased HR & BP |
| Severe | tight feeling in throat and chest |
| Mild | no physical symptoms |
| Moderate | nausea |
| Moderate | palmar sweating |
| Moderate | urinary frequency |
| Severe | tremors |
| Moderate | diarrhea |
| Mild | dry mouth |
| low self-esteem, timid nature in childhood, parents perceived as critical or angry, and discomfort with aggression | Common characteristics of persons with anxiety. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Characterized by excessive worry and anxiety more days than not, occurring for at least 6 months and involve more than one aspect of the person’s life. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Previously learned coping skills are inadequate; rarely have an acute episode. |
| Hyper-arousal | a predominant feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, which often leads to fatigue, insomnia, inability to concentrate, irritability, restlessness, and muscle tension. Pt appears "on edge". |
| Phobia | Persistent irrational fear attached to an object or situation that doesn’t pose a significant danger. |
| Acrophobia | fear of heights |
| Agoraphobia | fear of being alone or in a public place; they respond by staying a home, avoiding crowded places. |
| Claustrophobia | fear of closed-in spaces. |
| Hydrophobia | fear of water |
| Nyctophobia | fear of the dark |
| Social phobia | fear of exposure to unfamiliar people or to the scrutiny of others. They fear being perceived negatively. |
| Desensitization | After trust is established, the best method for treating most phobias is ___. |
| Desensitization | Includes progressively exposing the patient to the fearful stimuli, and giving positive reinforcement whenever there is a decrease in the phobic reaction; anti-anxiety meds may also be used. |
| Panic attacks | periods of intense terror w/out any real danger,accompanied by at least 4 of the following s/s:Palpitations,sweating,trembling, SOB,Feelings of choking,Chest pain, Abd distress,Dizziness,Fear of losing control,fear of dying, chills or hot flushes |
| observe the patient’s behavior changes and ask the patient to report their level of anxiety, using a scale (1-10) which makes evaluation a more objective measure. | The most effect tool to determine if an intervention for a patient with an anxiety disorder was effective is to ... |
| Moderately or severely anxious | Between panic attacks, persons may remain ____ to ____ ____ anticipating the next panic episode. |
| Panic attacks | ___ attacks are generally unpredictable and acute |
| Panic Disorder | Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks that cause a person to worry about recurrences or complications of the attack or to change their behavior in response to the attack for at least 1 month. |
| OCD - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | An anxiety disorder. |
| Compulsions | ritualistic behaviors that the person feels compelled to perform either in accord with a specific set of rules or in a routine manner. |
| Obsessions | refers to recurrent, intrusive, and persistent ideas, thoughts, images, or impulses. |
| OCD / obsession / compulsion | ___ is a recurrent ___ / ___ that takes more than 1 hour per day or causes significant impairment or distress. |
| Fear of losing control | A major contributor to the OCD disorder. |
| interactions and teaching. | A patient w/ OCD experiences decreased anxiety immediately after the ritual, which is the best time for what? |
| frequent hand washing, frequent checking (locked doors), counting, putting things in order, touching, repeating words | Examples of Compulsions |
| fear of germs, lucky or unlucky numbers, fear of illness or harm, need for symmetry, religious obsessions, images of horror, violence, or pornography | Examples of Obsessions |
| trichotillomania (hair pulling), nail biting, gambling, tourettes’s, religious practices, substance abuse | What is not OCD? |
| PTSD - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder | Development of characteristic symptoms after exposure to a severe, or extraordinary stressor. Usually occurs within 6 months of the trauma. |
| PTSD | Major feature include: hyper-arousal, recent nightmares, & flashbacks. |
| Self-destructive behaviors (suicide risks, self-mutilation) | In a patient with PTSD, the nurse would assess for what? |
| identify past situations that have been handled successfully and identify things they have no control over. | The nurse helps the patient with PTSD gain control by helping the patient do what? |
| Group therapy, anti-anxiety or psychotic medications | What is especially helpful for a patient with PTSD? |
| Acute Stress Disorder | Symptoms of PTSD occurring within 4 weeks of the stressful event and usually only last 3 months. |
| Prozac | SSRI - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
| SSRI | Often, long-term treatment of choice for anxiety; side effects include:drowsiness, headache, decreased appetite, & sexual dysfunction. |
| Elavil | TCA - Tricyclic Antidepressants |
| TCA | used to treat anxiety; side effects include:anticholinergic effects, sedation, hypotension, & cardiogenic effects. |
| TCA | Patient is usually not given many of these tablets because overdose would be lethal. |
| SSRI's & TCA's | Patients are taught not to take which drug/drugs within 14 days of taking MAO Inhibitors? |
| Benzodiazepines | used for their immediate effect; reduces anxiety; side effects include:sedation, ataxia, dizziness, blood dyscrasias, & is habit forming. |
| Beta Blockers | used if patient has significant CV symptoms; side effects include: bradycardia, hypotension, & wheezing. |
Created by:
luv*a*nurse
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