Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Exam Review Vocab.
First Semester Final Exam Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit. | Joint-stock company |
| A written contract issued by a government giving the holder the right to establish a colony. | Charter |
| The first permanent English settlement in North America. | Jamestown |
| Led Jamestown beginning in 1608 and instituted a policy of discipline that allowed the colony to begin "prospering" | John Smith |
| A person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to America. | Indentured servant |
| Created in 1619, it was the first representative assembly in the American colonies. | House of Burgesses |
| A member of the group that rejected the Church of England, sailed to America, and founded the Plymouth colony in 1620. | Pilgrims |
| An agreement established by the men who sailed to America on the Mayflower, which called for laws for the good of the colony and set forth ideas of self-government. | Mayflower Compact |
| A member of a group from England that settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 and sought to reform the practices of the Church of England. | Puritans |
| A set of laws that were established in 1639 by a Puritan congregation that had settled in the Connecticut Valley and that expanded the idea of representative government. | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
| A colony with a single owner. | Proprietary colony |
| A Quaker, born into a rich English family, who received a piece of land from King Charles II as repayment in 1681 that became Pennsylvania. | William Penn |
| A person who believed all people should live in peace and harmony; accepted different religions and ethnic groups. | Quaker |
| A colony ruled by governors appointed by a king. | Royal colony |
| Founded Georgia in 1732 as a refuge for debtors. However, his strict rules the colonists so much that Georgia was made a royal colony.. | James Oglethorpe |
| Sir Walter Raleigh financed this colony (one of the first English attempts to establish one) in 1585 that disappeared in 1587. | Roanoke |
| A colonial region that ran along the Appalachian Mountains through the far western part of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. | Backcountry |
| Farming that produces enough food for the family with a small additional amount for trade. | Subsistence farming |
| The transatlantic system of trade in which goods, including slaves, rum, gold, iron, sugar, and molasses, were exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in North America. | Triangular trade |
| A series of laws passed by Parliament, beginning in 1651, to ensure that England made money from its colonists' trade. | Navigation Acts |
| Importing or exporting goods illegally. | Smuggling |
| A crop grown by a farmer to be sold for money rather than for personal use. | Cash crop |
| A variety of people. | Diversity |
| A plant grown in the Southern colonies that yields a deep blue dye. | Indigo |
| A worker hired by a planter to watch over and direct the work of slaves. | Overseer |
| A mountain range stretching from eastern Canada south to Alabama. | Appalachian Mountains |
| A revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. | Great Awakening |
| One of the best-known preachers of the Great Awakening. | Jonathan Edwards |
| Another preacher, he raised funds to start an orphanage. | George Whitefield |
| An 18th-century movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method to obtain knowledge. | Enlightenment |
| Famous American Enlightenment figure. | Benjamin Franklin |
| English philosopher of the Enlightenment who challenged the belief that kings had a God-given right to rule. He argued about people's natural rights and how governments were created to protect them. (A gov't that failed to protect them could be changed) | John Locke |
| "Great Charter;" a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, approved by King John in 1215. | Magna Carta |
| England's chief lawmaking body. | Parliament |
| A hands-off policy of England toward its American colonies during the first half of the 1700s. | Salutary neglect |
| The publisher of the New-York Weekly Journal that stood trial in 1735 for printing criticism of New York's governor. The trial helped secure freedom of the press. | John Peter Zenger |
| A conflict in North America from 1754 to 1763 that was part of a worldwide struggle between France and Britain; Britain defeated France and gained French Canada. | French and Indian War |
| The first formal proposal to unite the colonies , put forth by Benjamin Franklin. | Albany Plan of Union |
| The 1763 treaty that ended the French and Indian War; Britain gained all of North America east of the Mississippi River. | Treaty of Paris 1763 |
| An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. | Proclamation of 1763 |
| A revolt against British forts and American settlers in 1763, led in part by Ottawa war leader Pontiac, in response to the settlers' claims of Native American lands and to harsh treatment by British soldiers. | Pontiac's Rebellion |
| English monarch who sent 10000 British soldiers to America to enforce the Proclamation of 1763 and keep peace with Native American allies. | King George III |
| A cost-saving measure enacted by Parliament (March 24, 1765) that required the colonies to quarter, or house, British soldiers and provide them with supplies. | Quartering Act |
| A March 22, 1765 legislation by Parliament requiring all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing a tax had been paid. | Stamp Act |
| He was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses who is best remembered for his "Give me Liberty, or Give me Death!" speech. He resisted many British policies. (taxes, acts, etc.) | Patrick Henry |
| A refusal to buy certain goods. | Boycott |
| A group of colonists who formed a secret society to oppose British policies at the time of the Revolutionary War. | Sons of Liberty |
| Series of laws passed by Parliament in 1767 that suspended New York's assembly and placed taxes on goods brought into the colonies (glass, paper, lead, paint, tea). Proposed by Charles Townshend (king's finance minister) to raise revenue in the colonies. | Townshend Acts |
| A search warrant that allowed British officers to enter colonial homes or businesses to search for smuggled goods. | Writs of assistance |
| A leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty, he was a driving force behind many protests and helped to form committees of correspondence. | Samuel Adams |
| A clash between British soldiers and Boston colonists in 1770, in which five of the colonists, including Crispus Attucks, were killed. | Boston Massacre |
| A group of colonists who exchanged letters on colonial affairs. | Committee of correspondence |
| The dumping of 342 chests of Tea into Boston Harbor by colonists (organized by the Sons of Liberty) on December 16, 1773, to protest the Tea Act. | Boston Tea Party |
| A series of laws passed by Parliament in 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. | Intolerable Acts |
| A meeting of delegates from every colony but Georgia in Philadelphia beginning September 1774 to uphold colonial rights. | First Continental Congress |
| Boston silversmith who spread the news about British troop movements on the night of April 18, 1775 during his "Midnight Ride." | Paul Revere |
| An American colonist who supported Britain during the Revolutionary War. | Loyalist |
| An American colonist who sided with the rebels in the American Revolution. | Patriot |
| Sites in Massachusetts of the first battles of the American Revolution. (in 1775) | Lexington and Concord |
| It began meeting on May 10, 1775 in Philadelphia. The delegates agreed to form the Continental Army and named George Washington as its commanding general. The printing of paper money (to pay troops) was also authorized. | Second Continental Congress |
| Led a failed invasion of Quebec in mid to late 1775. Earlier, he had helped capture Fort Ticonderoga. | Benedict Arnold |
| Composed the Declaration of Independence, which was largely based on the philosophy of John Locke. He was a good writer, politician, thinker, inventor, scientist, and architect, among his many talents. | Thomas Jefferson |
| The document, written in 1776, in which the colonies declared independence from Britain. | Declaration of Independence |
| This law passed by Parliament (April 5, 1764) placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies. It also called for harsh punishment of smugglers. | Sugar Act |
| English immigrant known for writing the pamphlet Common Sense, which sought to convince colonists that a total break with Britain was necessary. | Thomas Paine |
| A 1773 legislation by Parliament giving the British East India Company control over the American tea trade. A tax would also have to be paid on the regulated tea. | Tea Act |
| Commanded the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. | George Washington |
| A professional soldier hired to fight for a foreign country. | Mercenary |
| An overall plan of action. | Strategy |
| A series of conflicts between British soldiers and the Continental Army in 1777. The American victory was a turning point in the war-France and Spain then became allies. | Battle of Saratoga |
| A long steel knife attached to the end of a gun. | Bayonet |
| To leave military duty without intending to return. | Desert |
| A privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemy's merchant ships. | Privateer |
| American naval officer famous for capturing the British warship Serapis during a battle in September 1779. | John Paul Jones |
| British general who led an army in the South. He surrendered to Washington and Rochambeau at Yorktown. | Lord Cornwallis |
| A small band of fighters who weakens the enemy with surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks. | Guerrilla |
| The last major battle of the Revolutionary War, during which American and French troops bombarded Yorktown with cannons and forced Cornwallis to surrender on October 19, 1781. | Battle of Yorktown |
| The treaty which ended the Revolutionary War, declaring America independent and setting its boundaries. Neither Britain nor the United States fully lived up to its terms. | Treaty of Paris 1783 |
| The place (in Pennsylvania) where Washington and the Continental Army endured the winter of 1777-1778. About a fourth of the soldiers died from the cold, disease, and malnutrition, for there was a lack of provisions. | Valley Forge |
| A French nobleman who aided the American cause. He joined the army, used his money to buy supplies for his troops, and convinced the French king to send an army to America. | Marquis de Lafayette |
| A violation of allegiance to one's sovereign or to one's state. | Treason |
| A document, adopted by the Continental Congress in 177 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the new United States. Little power was given to the national government. | Articles of Confederation |
| A law that established a plan for surveying and selling the federally owned lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. It called for surveyors to stake out six-mile-square plots, called townships, in the Western lands. | Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| Territory covered by the Land Ordinance of 1785, which included land that formed the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and part of Minnesota. | Northwest Territory |
| Described how the Northwest Territory was to be governed and set conditions for settlement and settlers' rights. | Northwest Ordinance |
| An uprising of debt-ridden Massachusetts farmers (led by Daniel Shays) in 1787. Although it was suppressed, it convinced many that a stronger national government was necessary. | Shays' Rebellion |
| A meeting held in Philadelphia in 1787 to consider changes to the Articles of Confederation; resulted in the drafting of the Constitution. | Constitutional Convention |
| A delegate to the Constitutional Convention who earned the title "Father of the Constitution" through his importance at the convention. (He took notes of the proceedings and was well informed of what was happening) | James Madison |
| A plan proposed by Edmund Randolph, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787, that proposed a government with three branches and a two-house legislature in which representation would be based on a state's population or wealth. | Virginia Plan |
| A plan of government proposed at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 that called for a unicameral legislature in which each state would have one vote. | New Jersey Plan |
| The Constitutional Convention's agreement to establish bicameral national legislature, with all states having equal representation in one house and each state having representation based on its population in the other house. | Great Compromise |
| Under this agreement, three-fifths of a state's slaves would be counted as population for purposes of representation and taxation. | Three-Fifths Compromise |
| Supporters of the Constitution. | Federalists |
| People who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. | Antifederalists |
| A series of essays defending and explaining the Constitution. | The Federalist Papers |
| A leading Virginian Antifederalist who opposed the ratification of the Constitution. Although he had been present at the Constitutional Convention, he had refused to sign it and also vote for it at Virginia's convention unless a bill of rights was added. | George Mason |
| The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, added in 1791, and consisting of a formal list of citizens' rights and freedoms. | Bill of Rights |
| A government in which the people rule. | Popular sovereignty |
| The belief that government should be based on the consent of the people; people exercise their power by voting for political representatives. | Republicanism |
| A system of government where power is shared among the central (or federal) government and the states. | Federalism |
| The division of basic government roles into branches. | Separation of powers |
| The ability of each branch of government to exercise checks, or controls, over the other branches. | Checks and balances |
| The principle that requires all U.S. citizens, including government leaders, to obey the law. | Limited government |
| Personal liberties and privileges guaranteed to U.S. citizens by the Bill of Rights. | Individual rights |
| A brief introductory statement of the Constitution's fundamental purposes and guiding principles. | Preamble |
Created by:
L0302626
Popular U.S. History sets