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renal system cont.

patho

QuestionAnswer
involves S2,3 and 4 levels of the cord, parasympathetic innervation of the detrusor muscle and relazation of internal and external sphincters Micturition reflex
kidney recieives 1200ml blood/min or about 1/5 of the cardiac output
glomerular filtration rate 155ml/min
measured by creatinine clearence rate GFR
normal clearance rate is between 110-125 ml/min creatinine
requires 24 hour urine sample and only one blood sample creatinine clearence test
most exactly measured by insulin clearance and is not very practicle GFR
auto regulation occurs over the BP ranges 80-180
keeps blood flow constant and glomerular filtration rate constant auto regulation
capillary tuft flomerulus
very permeable to small soulutes and water glomerular capillaries
protein may be found in the ultrafiltrate if the kidneys are diseased
situated between the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus. means "near" Juxtaglomerular apparatus
secrete renin and sense pressure Juxtaglomerular cells
sense sodium (Na+) and help to regulate renin secretion macula densa cells
freely filtered not reabsorbed and only slightly secreted by the tubules creatinine
normal is 110-125ml/min GFR
as much as 80% of the flitrate is reabsorbed into the capillaries that line the tubules of Proximal tubule
reabsorption is done through active transport
important in the final regulation of water balance and acid base balance distal tubules
final urine concentration is controlled by ADH
final urine sodium controled by Aldosterone
water reabsorption is completed collecting duct
infection anywhere along the urinary tract UTI
most common bacteria in UTI's E.coli
infection in the bladder cystitis
infection in the kidney, acute or chronic inflammatiory process of renal pelvis and parenchyma of kidney from bacterial invasion pyelonephritis
S&S of pyelonephritis chills, fever, flank pain, malaise, comiting and bacteruria, foul smelling urine
reason UTI's are most comon in female adults and children short urethra
associated with preterm labor Pyelonephritis
bilateral inflammatory disease of the kidney Glomerulonephritis
classically follows Group A B-hemolytic streptococcal infection of throat, affects children ages 3-7, protein and blood cells cross into urine space, GFR decreases resulting in retention of water, sodium and nitrogenous waste products Acute glomerulonephritis
S&S fatigue, anorexia, fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, increased BUN, proteinuria, increased creatinine, edema, hypertension, hematuria, and hypoalbuminemia Acute glomerulonephritis
an autoimmune disease where there are antibodies directed against the basement membrane of the glomerulus, has no recovery hemodialysis or transplant is required for this patient Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
slow progressive destruction of glomerulus cause often is unknown chronic glomerulonephritis
gradual loss of renal function, polyuria, nocturia, oliguria, proteninuria, hematuria, and increased BP chronic glomerulonephritis
excess nitrogenous waste products in theh blood, incresed BUN and creatinine which is an early sign of renal failure azotemia
retention of toxic wastes, electrolyte disorders and nitrogenous wast products, is a syndrome of renal failure uremia
back up of urine in the urerter hydroureter
kidney stones calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid
rapid decline in renal function, increased BUN and creatinine, output is (blank)
rapid decline in renal function, increased BUN and creatinine, output is less than 400ml/day mortality rate about 50%, considered under three major diagnostic categories Acute renal failure
perfusion problem, drcreased cardiac output, hypovolemia, shock pooling of bolld casoconstriction where there is decreased perfusion of the kidney prerenal
obstruction to bladder outlet, bilateral ureteral obstruction patient my be anuric followed by polyuria if obstruction is removed postrenal
due to ischemia or nephrotoxins:x-ray contrast media, drugs like antiviotics, blood pigments, mercury aminoglycosides. acute tubular necrosis is often a resulf of untreatable ischemia intrarenal
tells you that you have tubular necrosis intrarenal
large quanities of myoglobin are relased into the blood from the muscle cell contents, kidneys ability to excrete thses substances is exceeded Rhabdomyolysis
major sighn and symptom is decreased urinary output prerenal oliguria dn intrarenal renal disease
FE% less than 1% prerenal
FE% greater than 1% intrarenal
progressive irreversible destruction of both kidneys has 3 stages chronic renal failure
serum creatinine and BUN levels are normal patiens is asympotmatic deminished renal reserve
GFR is about 25% of normal BUN and creatinine are increased slightly and patient has fatigue weakness, headache, nocturia, and poyluria innsufficiency
major lab value to measure patients progression in chronic renal failure or ESRD plasma creatinine
renal disease more common in males agese 2-3 years old presents with frothy urine from protien in the urine an with edema cause is unknown Primary nephrotic syndrome
genetic renal problems are often associated with facial or ear problems. failure of the kidney to grow or develop more often in males renal agenesis
Created by: dnoyes
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