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Ch 41

Intraoral Radiography

Question	Answer
Alignment of central ray of x-ray beam in horizontal and vertical planes	angulation
intraoral technique of exposing periapical films	bisecting technique
type of radiograph used in the interprosimal examination	bitewing
x-ray at the center beam	central ray
area of the mesial or distal surfaces of a tooth that touches adjacent tooth in the same arch	contact area
coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth	crestal bone
impairment of mental or physical functioning that usually occurs before adulthood and lasts indefinitely	developmental disability
referring to radiographs with the proper images and necessary density,contrast, definition,and detail for diagnostic purposes	diagnostic quality
between two adjacent surfaces	interproximal
cuting across or through	intersecting
imaginary line dividing the tooth longitudinally(vertically) into two equal halves	loong axis of the tooth
used to examine large areas of teh upper or lower jaw	occlusal technique
moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance	parallel
intraoral technique of exposing periapical and bitewing radiographs	paralleling technique
intersecting at or forming a right angle	perpendicular
impairment in certain functions(s) of the body, such as vision, hearing or mobility	physical disability
angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other	right angle
even the most skilled operators can do what	make errors
the ability to recognize errors and to know the steps to take to prevent their recurrence is what	most important
what is the abreviation for an intraoral full mouth survey	FMX
a full mouth survey contains which type of radiographs	both periapical and bitewing
the _radiograph shows the upper and lower teeth in occlusion, only the crowns and a small portion of the root are seen.	bitewing
the bitewing radiograph is used for:	detecting interproximal decay, periodontal disease, recurrent decay under restorations and the fit of metallic fillings or crowns
The _____ radiograph shows the entire tooth from occlusal surface or incisal edge to about 2 to 3 mm beyond the apex to show the periapical bone.	periapical
the periapical radiograph is used to:	diagnose pathologic conditions of the tooth,root and bone as well as tooth formation and eruption
For the average adult a FMX consists of how many films	generally 18-20
when taking a FMX which area is the region in which the number of films usually varies	anterior area
when taking a FMX in the anterior region and you are using the bisecting technique which size of film would you use and how many would you take	3, on each arch size # 2
when taking a FMX in the anterior region and you are using the paralleling technique which size of film would you use and how many would you take	3 -4 on each arch size # 1
what are the two basic techniques for obtaining periapical x-rays	paralleling and bisecting techniques
Why is the paralleling technique recommended over the bisecting technique	becuuse it provides the most accurate image with the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient
in which situations would the operator need to use the bisecting technique over the paralleling technique	if the pt has a small mouth, shallow palate, tori
the paralleling technique is also known as what	extension cone paralleling ( XCP) right angle or long cone technique
what are the 5 basic rules to following when using the paralleling technique	film placement, film position, vertical angulation,horizontal angulation and central ray
when using the paralleling technique how must the film be positioned	parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
when using the paralleling technique how must the film holder be placed	away from the teeth and toward the middle of the mouth
when using the paralleling technique what does it mean when we are talking about vertical angulation	the central ray of teh x-ray beam must be directed perpendicular ( right angles ) to the film and the long axis of the tooth
what does it mean when we are talking about horizontal angulation when using the paralleling technique	the central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed through the contact areas between the teeth
failure to center the central ray on the film will result in what	partail image or cone cut
when exposing periapical films with teh paralleling technique where does the book say you should always start	with the anterior teeth
why does the book say you should start with anterior teeth	the film size # 1 is small and is easier for patients to tolerate,patients adapt more easily to the anterior film holder,less likely to gag
what color is the anterior XCP ring/rod system	blue
what color is the posterior XCP ring/rod system	Yellow
what color is the bitewing XCP rint/rod system	RED
the bisecting technique is based on what principle	the geometric principle of equally dividing a triangle
where should you uplace the film when using the bisecting technique	directly against the teeth to be radiographed
whith the bisecting technique the angle formed by the ____ and the __________ is bisected into two equal parts	long axes of the teeth , film
when bisecting where is the xrya beam directed	perpendicular to the bisecting line
what is the major disadvantage of the bisecting technique	images on the film are dimensionally distored
when using the bisecting technique what should you never do	have the patient hold the film in their mouth with their finger
what types of film holders can you use for bisecting	the BAI, the Stabe bite block, the EeZee grip formerly known as the snap a ray
in the bisecting technique what is critical	the angulation of the PID
how can angulation be changed	by moving the PID in a horizontal or vertical direction
what does incorrect horizontal angulation result in	overlapped contact areas
incorrect vertical angulation results in what	image that is not the same length as the tooth that is being xrayed. the image appears longer or shorter ( elongated or foreshortened )
which technique is always used for bitewing radiographs	paralleling
how is the # of bitewing films to take determined	based on the curvature of the arch and the number of teeth present in the posterior areas
which is to be included in the premolar bitewing radiograph	distal half of the crowns of the canines, both premolars and often the first molars on both maxillary and manibular arches
when exposing a molar bitewing radiograph where should the film be centered	over the second molars
the occlusal technique is named this because	the patient bites or cooludes the entire film
when exposing a maxillary occlusal film where does the white side of the film go	toward the occlusal/incisal edges
when exposing a maxillary occlusal film how is the PID directed	at +65 degrees through the center of the film
when exposing a maxillary occlusal film where is the PID placed in relation to the patients face	between the eyebrows on the bridge of the nose
when exposing a mandibular occlusal film how is the PID directed	at 90 degree angle to the center of the film packet, should be centered about 1 inch below the chin
what does edentulous mean	with out teeth
For paritally edentulous patients, film holding instruments can be used by doing what	placing a cotton roll on the bite block where the crowns of the missing teeth would have been
what size of film is recommended for use in pediatric patients	0
which film placement is the one most likely to cause the gag reflex	maxillary molar
in some extreme cases where the patient has an uncontrollable gag reflex what can you do to obtain radiographs	use extraoral radiographs such as a panoramic or lateral jaw films
processed radiographs must be arranged in what order	anatomic
what information must always be on the film mounts	patients name, date of exposure, dentists name and address ( if room )
which two methods can be used when mounting radiographs	labial mounting method and mounting with the raised dots facing down
in the labial methond the films are placed in the mount with the raised dots facing which way	up ( toward you )
In the labial mounting method the radiographs are viewed as if the viewere is looking:	directly at the patient so the patients left side is on the viewers right side

Created by: cynthia.fryer

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