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grcc bi121 lec#4
GRCC BI #4 neuroglia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what insulates nerves? | Schwann cells (neuralgia) think covered wires |
| What provides structural support for neurons?> | Neuralgia (e.g. schwann cells, astrocytes, etc) |
| What specializes neurons? | Neuralgia |
| This glue like structure, secretes growth factors | Neuralgia or glial cells |
| Neuralgia (a food source) | What directs nutrients to neurons (including glucose, amino acids, etc.) |
| Neuralgia (cleaning crew) | removes excess neurotransmitters |
| Four classifications of neuroglia (Eat Many Apples, Oranges) | Astrocytes, oligodendrites, ependyma, microglial |
| Astrocyts (the rock that holds things together) | tissue structure ion that regulates metabolism, growth, reinforces blood brain barrier and directs nutrients |
| Which Neuroglia regulates glucose metabolism, growth factors, directs nutrients to neurons and reinforces blood brain barrier? | Astrocytes |
| Blood brain barrier | Brain capallaries have overlapping tight memebrane junctions w/o clefts, preventing diffusin into brain tissue. |
| Oligodendrits (myelin sheath in brain & spinal cord) | from mylein in CNS that can reach between adjacent neurons, secretes nerve growth factors to neurons for limited repairs to neurons. |
| Ependyma (porous layer) | diffustion layer between CSF and other nervous tissue that line the cavity of the CNS |
| Microglial (Immune) | Phagocytize bacteria and debris (i.e. meningitis) |
| Where are astrocytes, oligodendrits, ependyma, microglial found? | The CNS |
| Where are schwann cells and satellite cells found? | the PNS |
| can PNS axons regenerate? | yes. |
| If there is damage to a cell body, can an axon regenerate? | No |
| If an axon is severed from the cell body, can that regenerate? | Yes, it can regenerate. |
| How many steps does it take to regenerate an axon? | there are 5 steps (including the point of damage to axon) |
| Step 1: Axon is severed | Damaged axon can regenerate |
| Step 2: what happens to the distal portion of the axon? | It decomposes |
| Step 3; What forms after the axon decomposes? | Schwann cells form tube and lay down myelin |
| step 4: Tube is formed and then what? | axon grows down new myelin cell tube |
| step 5: what is established | former Connection is established |
| How many segments can an axon regenerate? | no more than 3mm |
| what happens to a severed large PNS axon if not reconnected ASAP before distal end decomposes | a tangled and very painful mass of axons may develop called a neuroma. |
| What are big problems with amputees? | Neuromas. |
Created by:
Wends1984
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