Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
F&E BCC
Fluid & Electrolytes BCC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Osmosis? | Osmosis is movement of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of LOW concentration to HIGH concentration. Water moves across the membrane to dilute the higher concentration of solutes. |
| What is Diffusion? | Diffusion is movement of the solute throughout the solvent to reach equilibrium. |
| What is Filtration? | Filtration is the movement of fluid through a permeable membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. |
| Organs/Hormones that help us regulate fluid & electrolyte balance. | Parathyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Kidneys, Lungs, Cardiovasular system, GI tract, Nervous system, Thirst center, Osmoreceptors, Adrenal Gland |
| What is hypervolemia? | Excess Fluid volume. It involves excessive retention of sodium and water in the ECF |
| What is hypovolemia? | Deficient Fluid volume. It occurs when there is a proportional loss of fluid and electrolytes from the ECF. |
| What is dehydration? | A state of negative fluid balance in which there is a loss of water from the intracellular, extracellular or intravascular spaces. |
| What are the signs of hypovolemia? | Decreased fluid volume, Hypotension, tachycardia, decreased urine output, fatigue, thirst, dehydration |
| What are the signs of hypervolemia? | Increased blood volume, Hypertension, bounding pulse, respirations are increased and shallow. Excess ECF may accumulate in the tissues, especially in dependent areas, as edema. The skin is pale and cool. Urine output becomes dilute and volume increases. |
| Which electrolytes carry a positive charge (cations)? | Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium |
| Which electrolytes carry a negative charge (anion)? | Chloride, Bicarbonate and Phosphate |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in SODIUM (NA+)? LOW | Sodium (NA+) 135-145 mEq/L Hyponatremia: -less than 135 mEq/L in the ECF -Osmotic movement across cell membrane -Can result in cellular swelling, cerebral edema, seizures and permanent neurological damage |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in SODIUM (NA+)? HIGH | Hypernatremia: -greater than 145mEq/L in ECF Fluid moves from ICF to ECF causing cells to shrink Results in neurological symptoms. Where do we get Na+ Processed meats & cheeses, condiments, Table salt! |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Potassium(K+)? LOW - HYPOKALEMIA | Potassium (K+) 3.5-4.5 -less than 3.5mEq/L in ECF -K+ moves from the cell to compensate Na+ is then retained by the cell to maintain isotonicty Can also affect pH balance Typical symptoms include muscle weakness and cramping, weak pulse, hypotension |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Potassium(K+)? LOW - HYPERKALEMIA | More than 4.5mEq/L in ECF Na+ is excreted by the cell to compensate Nerve conduction, muscle contractility and cardiac rhythm can be affected Cardiac irregularities can be lethal We get potassium from bananas, apricots, prunes and other fruits, potat |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Calcium(Ca+)? LOW | Calcium (Ca+) 8.5mg/dL-10.5 mg/dL Hypocalcemia -Less than 8.5mg/dL in the ECF -inadequate intake or excess loss of Ca+ Symptomatology usually includes numbness, tingling, muscle cramps and tetany |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Calcium(Ca+)? HIGH | Hypercalcemia More than 10.5mg/dL in ECF Related to cancer and hyperparathyroidism Emergency situation, related to cardiac arrest Where do we get Calcium from? Milk, cheese, beans |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Magnesium(Mg2+)? LOW | Magnesium (1.6- 2.6 mEq/L) Hypomagnesaemia Less than 1.6 mEq/L S/S Neuromuscular irritability Cardiac manifestations Mental status changes |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Magnesium(Mg2+)? HIGH | Hypermagnesaemia Greater than 2.6 mEq/L S/S Flushing of skin Hypotension Depressed respirations Drowsiness Cardiac changes Where do we get Magnesium from? Veggies, Nuts, Fish, Whole Grains, Peas, and Beans |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Chloride (Cl-)? LOW | Chloride (95-105 mEq/L) Low level can result from: Severe vomiting Gastric suctioning Metabolic alkalosis Addison’s disease |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Chloride (Cl-)? HIGH | High levels can result from Dehydration Hyperventilation Metabolic acidosis Cushing’s syndrome |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Bicarbonate(HCO3-)? LOW | Bicarbonate( HCO3-, 22-26 mEq/L) Hypobicarbonatemia Can result form over production of acid Excessive diarrhea Renal failure |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Bicarbonate(HCO3-)? HIGH | Hyperbicarbonatemia Increased use of antacids Hypercapnia hypokalemia |
| What is the normal range for pH? | 7.35 - 7.45 If pH is < 7.35 then it's acidosis If pH is > 7.45 then it's alkalosis |
| What is the normal range for Carbon dioxide ("acid")? ABG: PCO2 | 35 - 45 mm Hg. Signals respiratory cause If PCO2 is not within the normal range, it is considered "respiratory" |
| What is the normal range for bicarbonate ("base") ABG: HCO3- | 22 - 26 mEq/L Signals metabolic cause If HCO3- is not within the normal range, it is considered "metabolic" |
| What is the formula for calculating IV flow rate in mL/hr? | V(olume)/T(ime in hrs)=mL/hr Flow rate refers to the # of mL of fluid to be infused over one hour (mL/hr). Ex: Volume 500 mL Time 3 hours 500mL/3 hours = 166.67 mL/hr or 167 |
| What is the formula for calculating drip rate? | V(olume)/T(ime in minutes)x gtt (drop factor) Drip rate is the # of drops per minute to be infused (gtt/min) Drip factor is found on IV tubing pkg Ex: Volume 4000 mL, Time 24 hours Drip factor of tubing 15 gtt/mL 4000ml/1440 x 15=42 gtt/min |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Phosphate(PO4-)? LOW | Phosphate (1.7-2.6 mEq/L) Hypophosphatemia Alcoholism Uncontrolled diabetes Renal phosphate wasting - Hypercalcemia |
| What happens if there is an electrolyte imbalance in Phosphate(PO4-)? HIGH | Hyperphosphatemia Renal failure Tumor lysis Hypocalcemia |
| What is Isotonic? | Isotonic (iso-osmolar) same concentration of particles as plasma same osmotic pressure as blood Examples NS 0.9% Normal Saline |
| What is Hypertonic? | Hypertonic: (hyper-osmolar) greater concentration of particles than plasma higher osmotic pressure than blood Examples D5.45NS - 0.45% Normal Saline. Has Salt and Sugar. A lot of crystals in solution |
| What is Hypotonic? | Hypotonic: (hypo-osmolar) lesser concentration of particles than plasma Lower osmotic pressure than blood Example D5W |
| What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality? | Osmolarity is the # of milliosmoles in a Liter of solution (mOsmL) Osmolality is the # of particles of solute/kg of water expressed as milliosmoles/kg (mOsm/kg) |
Created by:
cmac0531
Popular Nursing sets