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Chapter 18 SS
Chapter 18 Social Studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the reasons that inspired Americans to move west | The Homestead Act, African Americans were promised a life free of discrimination, women were promised land, settle land, get rich from gold or silver and the east was becoming overpopulated. |
| What is a Boomtown? How long did they last? | A community whose population grew suddenly when a mine opened and closed just as quickly when the mine closed. |
| Who were the miners? | People who worked the mines mining for gold and silver. |
| What risks did the miners face? | Injury or death from unsafe machinery, explosions, fires, cave-ins and lung disease. |
| What is a cowhand? | Cowhand/Cowboy led the cattle drives from the Great Plains to the railroads. |
| What problems did the cowhands face? | Stampedes, blazing hot weather, duststorms and blizzards. Limited prairie grass. |
| What was the cattle industry? | The feeding and driving of cattle to railroads for sale of meat. |
| What was the cattle kingdom? | Spreading from Texas to Canada in the Great Plains where ranchers raised cattle. |
| What was the the United States policies and promises made towards Native Americans? | Treaty of Fort Laramie gave Indians a reservation that was their's and no one could go on it, which would limit Indian anger and fighting with the settlers. It also allowed roads, military and other posts to be established in the Indian territories. |
| What is a reservation? | A parcel of land given to the Indians by the government. |
| What was Little Big Horn? | Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse didn't want to live on reservations so they were willing to fight. So they fought General Custer and won. |
| What was Wounded Knee? | Massacre of unarmed Indians due to the Army's lack of understanding of the Ghost Dance. |
| What was the Dawes Act? What did it do to Indian land? | Encouraged Native Americans to be more like white settlers, be educated, citizens, become farmers, give up hunting, tried to make land ownership private, failed to deliver citizenship, took 2/3 of Indian land. |
| What was the Ghost Dance? What effect did the Ghost Dance have on the Army? What effect did the Army's response have on the INdians? | Wovoka created - claimed he died while chopping wood and God told him that if he did the dance that all the whites would die and the dead relatives would come back to life. Army thought it was a war dance, asked for Indian weapons to be turned over. |
| What was the Homestead Act and why was it created? | You must be 21 yrs old, get 160 acres for $10, 6 months to build house and live there 5 years successfully growing crops. Created to encourage settlers to move west. |
| What was the role of women in the west? What affect did the role of women in the west have on their political rights? | Did the chores, worked on newspapers, cooked, cleaned, and with the Homestead Act, could own land. Women's rights increased. |
| What were the challenges faced by the farmers in the Midwest | Tough grass and soil, lack of building materials (wood), very hot in the west, tornados |
| What was the Grange? | A social and educational organization for farmers |
| What was the populist party? What were its 3 top beliefs? | A group of farmers that wanted to take the economy into their own hands because the government was ignoring issues related to labor & farming: govt should control telegraph & railroad, 8 hour work day and limits on immigration - farmers & laborers |
| What was the Oklahoma Land Rush? | The gov't gave land to settlers that was formerly Seminole Indian land. Over 50,000 settlers moved out west within a month |
| What metals were the miners mining for? | Precious metals, aka gold and silver. |
| What did the cowhands eat & drink? | Coffee, beans, bacon and biscuits. |
| Where did cowhands sleep? | On the ground. |
| How much did a cowhand earn? | $25 and food. |
| What is open range? | The land is unrestricted. |
| What is the significance of barbed wire? | Fences off the land and no one can get through, forcing cattle drives to become longer, competition between farmers and ranchers led to fights over land. |
| What killed thousands of cattle? When did it happen? What did it do to the cowboys way of life? | Unsually severe winters of 1868 and 1869 killed off thousands of cattle and effectively ended the Cattle Kingdom. |
| Which two companies competed to complete the Transcontinental Railroad? | The Central Pacific and Union Pacific. |
| Where did each start their piece of the railroad? | Central Pacific started in Sacramento, California and Union Pacific started in Omaha, Nebraska |
| Who was the primary workforce for each company? | Central Pacific - Chinese. Union Pacific - Irish. |
| What were the hazards that each company faced? | Central Pacific - Building through Sierra Nevada Mountains, Bad Weather, Explosions. Union Pacific - Bad Weather, Native American Attacks, Pressure to work fast. |
| Where did the two railroads meet? What date? | Promontory Point, Utah. May 10, 1869. |
| What was the significance of the Transcontinental railroads? | Shortened travel times across the county, killed alot of buffalo, caused issues with the Indians, encouraged population of the west by transporting people and goods, increased economic growth. |
| What did the white settlers believe about owning land? Making a profit? Buffalo? Structures? | Land should be private, make money by mining and farming, buffalo were worthless, they were hunted for sport, houses should be permanent |
| What did Indians believe about owning land, profit, buffalo and structures? | Land should be shared, didn't believe in making a profit, needed buffalo for survival, houses (aka teepees) should be portable so they could follow the buffalo |
| What did buffalo mean to white settlers, Indians and the railroad companies? | Buffalo to white settlers were sport, to Indians, they were survival, and to the railroad companies, a nuisance. This caused a problem because the buffalo were destroying the railroad tracks, so they were being killed. The Indians needed them. |
| Was the Treaty broken? By whom? | The mining and prospectors broke the treaties looking for gold and silver everywhere. |
| What did the US government do next? | The government broke the treaties and made new treaties limiting the Indians to less and less land. |
| What were the challenges of the Homestead Act? | stay on land for 5 years while farming it - build a house in 6 months. |
| what was dry farming? | Homesteaders ploughed their land every time it rained or snowed to trap moisture into the soil |
| who liked the populist party & why? | Farmers & laborers - farmers because gov't control of railroads would make more favorable shipping charges & laborers to limit the workday |
| What led to the cattle boom in the west? | Population growth led to increased demand for beef. |
Created by:
monabran
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