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GRCC 121 #4 senses

GRCC BI 121 special senses #4

QuestionAnswer
ear components external, middle, inner
external ear components Auricle, external acoustic meatus,
Auricle Known as pinnae and collects sounds
External acoustic meatus conducts sound to the middle ear.
External acoustic meatus components hairs and ceruminous glands
Hairs of External acoustic meatus filters debris
ceruminous glands of external acoustic meatus contains wax that traps debris
Middle ear components Tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles, eustachian tube (Auditory tube)
Middle ear: tympanic cavity begins where? at the tympanic membrane
Tympanic membrane part of the middle ear and collects, concentrates and transmits sound to inner ear.
Middle ear: Auditory ossicles Amplify and conduct sound to inner ear
Is made up of three bones auditory ossicles
name the 3 bones that make up the auditory ossicles malleus, incus and stapes
Stapes function third auditory ossicle that pushes against the oval window to move inner ear fluid to stimulate hearing receptors
What pushes against oval window and moves ear fluid to stimulate hearing receptors? Stapes is the the 3rd auditory ossicle and stimulates hearing receptors
What do the auditory ossciles do to loud sounds? They become immobile reducing the conduction of sound to the inner to protect the hearing receptors
Auditory ossicles react to loud sounds by becoming immobile reducing the conduction of sound to the inner ear to protect the hearing receptors Tympanic reflex
How does loud sounds traveling rapidly cause hearing damage. Gunshots, ear horns, etc reach the inner ear before the tympanic reflex can occur.
Middle Ear: Eustachian tube (auditory tube) Allows air pressure =equalization on each side of tympanum...goes down the pharynx. (think of loud music from car and you can feel the vibration in throat)
How does change in elevation may lead to hearing impairment? Due to unequal amount of pressure on the tympanum and is not equalized by yawning or chewing.
What does yawning or chewing do to prevent hearing impairment It equalizes the pressure: change of elevation results in unequal pressure on the tympanum and may result in impairment if either of these actions are not done.
What causes otitis media (inflamation) & fluid accumulation in the middle ear? Usually caused by bacteria that moves up the eustachian tube from the nasopharynx.
Why are children at higher risk for developing otitis media & fluid accumulation in middle ear? Due to short tube length.
Inner ear AKA labyrinth
Inner ear (labyrinth) components cochlea, vestibule, semicircular ducts
what receives sound and helps with equilibrium? Inner ear (labyrinth)
Inner ear (labyrinth) function reception of sound and equilibrium.
Inner ear (labyrinth): cochlea location temporal bone
Inner ear (labyrinth): cochlea function located in the temporal bone and functions as hearing sensation.
Cochlea components bony (osseous) labyrinth, membranous labyrinth, spiral organ of corti
Bony osseous (labyrinth) component of cochlea that contains perilymph
With perilymph, scala vestibule (entrance to vestible) & scala tympani cochlea
Membbranous labyrinth component of cochlea that forms the cochlear duct (with endolymph) and houses spiral organ.
Spiral organ (corti) contains hair receptor cells that move against a tectorial membrane to stimulate neurons.
spiral organ helps the brain do what? Helps to determine what the sound is.
what stimulats neurons to help determine what a sound is? spiral organ contains hair receptor cells that move against the tectorial membrane that triggers a stimulation.
Hearing loss conductive and sensorineural
Conductive hearing loss Interference with conduction to inner ear.
What causes conductive hearing loss? was in the external auditory meatus, damaged ossicles
Sensorineural hearing loss interference with inner ear transmission
what causes sensorineural hearing loss? damage to auditory nerve and/or flattened hair cells found in the cochlea
Sensorineural deafness prolonged or repeated exposure to sounds above 85 to 90 dB will result in the destruction of the hair cells (sterocilia)
sterocilia receptor hair cells
what happens when someone is exposed to prolonged or repeated exposure to sounds above 85-90 dB? sensorineural deafness: this happns as a result of the destruction of hair cells (sterocilia) resuling in hearing loss
conductive deafness 95% of deafness cases are a result of wax or foreign object accumulation in the external auditory meatus.
What helps with conductive deafness? hearing aids
what helps with sensorineural deafness? cochlear implants
Inner ear: Vestibule funciton Nerve passageway and static equilibrium
Static equalibrium vestibule function that maintains stability and posture when still.
Labrynth sacs location? Located in vestibule
Labrynth sacs function Contain a macula and otoliths. Movement causes otoliths to simulate hair cells of the macula sending impulse to brain.
Semicircular canals function located in the inner ear and functions as dynamic equilibrium.
Semicircular canals provides dynamic equilibrium which helps with? Mainataining stability and posture while moving.
Semicircular canal components Ampullae which houses crista ampullari
ampullae located in semicircular canal houses crista ampullari and the associated hair cells.
What does rapid movement of head or body cause? fluid of the SCC to stimulates the crista sending impulse to brain.
Inability to adapt to rapid movement in environment (i.e. on the boat) may lead to seasickness...SCC can;t respond to environmental changes,..leads to sea sickness...can try transdermal scalopine.
oto liths stones in ears located in labrynth sacs within the vestibule
Macula contains otoliths can detect thtat stones are evenly distributed.
If you tilt your head, then otolith moves to one side. macula senses uneven distribution, sends signal to brain to adjust stability and posture.
Created by: Wends1984
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