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Week4-1
Family, Education, & Religion Glossary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Family of orientation | family into which individuals are born & the source of most of our socialization |
| Family of procreation | family an individual creates when they marry and have children |
| Nuclear family | a couple and children that live away from other family members |
| Extended family | consists of 2 or more closely related families who share a household and are economically and emotionally bound together in the group |
| Kinship Group | a network of people whose social relationships are based on common ancestry (blood), marriage, adoption, and/or affiliation. |
| Courtship | the process that allows people to promote their assets, talents, and ambitions. |
| Cohabitation | the living arrangement of 2 people without a legal marriage. |
| Marriage | a socially approved arrangement between two or more people |
| Monogamy | the marriage of one woman and one man |
| Serial monogamy | a marriage pattern in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime, but only one at a time. |
| Polygamy | is a form of marriage in which a person has multiple spouses |
| Polygyny | a man marries 2 or more women |
| Polyandry | one woman marries 2 or more men. |
| Group marriage | marriage between 2 or more men and 2 or more women |
| Endogamy | the norms that require people to find mates within a specific group or social category. |
| Exogamy | a norm that requires people to find marriage partners outside their group or social category. |
| Homogamy | refers to the selection of a mate with personal and social characteristics (racial, ethnic, social class & religious background) similar to one’s own. |
| Patrilineal | trace descent through male relatives only |
| Matrilineal | trace descent through women only. |
| Bilineal | a type of kinship in which descent is traced by both the father & mother |
| Patrilocal residence | married partners settle in or near the household of the husband’s father. |
| Patriarchy | a system in which the husband has more authority in the family |
| atrilocal residence | married partners settle in or near the household of the wife’s father |
| Matriarchy | a system in which the wife has greater authority in the family; |
| Neolocal residence | married partners establish new residence separate from the kin of either spouse. |
| Egalitarian | the husband and wife have equal say in most domestic situations. |
| Romantic love | is a unique type of love. It involves physical and emotional attraction that is characterized by sexual desire, obsession with one person, and personal fulfillment |
| Blended families | families in which at least one member of the adult couple is a step-parent |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | predictions about students’ abilities shape the students’ future actions and behaviors in such a way that the predictions come true |
| De jure segregation | segregation based on local laws |
| De facto segregation | segregation based on residential/housing patterns |
| Hidden Curriculum | an aspect of education designed to teach dominant norms, values, and consensus ideology |
| Tracking | an educational practice in which students are grouped according to their teachers’ judgments of their ability |
| Credentialism | an overemphasis on educational credentials. It’s a method that requires certain advanced degrees for people to be considered for certain jobs. |
| Sacred | is anything regarded as part of the supernatural; it inspires respect & awe; the sacred is deemed holy & divine. |
| Profane | represents ordinary, commonly misunderstood, and routine activities that people take for granted as they go about their ordinary lives. |
| Animatism | a system of beliefs in which supernatural forces rather than beings (gods or spirits) are the dominant power in the universe. |
| Animism | the belief of active animated spirits operating in the world. |
| Theism | the belief of one or more supreme beings or gods, who because of their power and influence, deserve to be worshipped. |
| Monotheism | religions that acknowledge the existence of a single, supreme god |
| Polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| Ethical religions | are philosophical ideals that show how people may achieve enlightenment, peace, and harmony |
| Ecclesia | is a large, formally organized religious body that includes most members of society. |
| Denomination/church | a well-established, socially accepted religious organization that maintains tolerant relations with other denominations. |
| Sect | a small, less formally organized religious group that usually has separated from a denomination and is in a negative tension with the larger society. |
| Cult | loosely organized religious movement that includes religious beliefs and practices that are novel and at odds with mainstream religious traditions. |
| “Opiate of Masses” | explains that the dominant religion reinforces interests of those in power |
| The Protestant Ethic | disciplined, moral commitment to conscientious work and delayed gratification |
| Secularization | the process by which religion loses its influence on society; religious morals and norms have lost its impact |
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