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Week 5-1

Political, Medical, & Economic Institution Glossary

QuestionAnswer
Power the ability to control or influence the actions/behaviors of others with/without their consent
Coercion an exercise of power that forces people to recognize and obey a group or an individual whose legitimacy is not accepted.
Authority a form of legitimate power that has widespread social approval and is obeyed because people believe that those who exercise it have a right to do so.
Traditional authority a form of power is based on accepted custom and practice, which has its roots in the distant past and often is religiously sanctioned
Legal-rational authority power based on explicit rules, regulations, and procedures that define who holds power and how power is to be exercised and distributed.
Charismatic authority power is based on unique personal qualities, which include the ability to excite and inspire followers
Expertise a form of power derived from the possession of specialized knowledge
Authoritarianism a form of government in which the rulers rarely consider public opinion and the rulers cannot be removed by legal means.
Dictatorship a political system of arbitrary rule by a single individual.
Totalitarianism a form of government in which the ruler recognizes no limits to their authority and government regulates almost all aspects of social life.
Democracy a form of government based on popular participation in decision making where ultimate authority is vested in the people; it’s the “rule of the people”
Political parties organizations made up of individuals with similar beliefs whose purpose is to gain legitimate control of government
Lobbying direct persuasion of decision-makers by using a professional to meet regularly with legislators & government officials.
Health the absence of disease and the ability to respond effectively to one’s environment.
Illness defined as a condition that occurs when you perceive that you are suffering from a bodily disorder.
Sickness defined as a condition that occurs when others perceive that you are suffering from a bodily disorder.
Disease defined as a specific condition defined by a medical practitioner as a cause of illness.
Epidemiology the study of the origin, distribution and means of transmission of disease in population
Germ theory most diseases are linked to the presence of bacteria; it also was a shift of focus on the study of disease rather than the care of the sick.
Medicalization a trend in which an increasing number of conditions and problems are defined as diseases and treated by the institution of medicine
Primary sector of economy consists of the direct extraction of natural resources & raw materials from the environment
Secondary sector of economy consists of making and manufacturing products by turning the raw materials acquired through primary production into the manufactured goods we use, such as furniture, cars, and homes.
Tertiary sector of economy consists of producing and processing information and providing services such as teaching, nursing, and counseling
Capitalism an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods & services are distributed competitively for profit.
Corporate Capitalism referred to as a corporation rather than the individual that dominates modern society
Socialism an economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods & services distributed are publicly owned.
Mixed economy combines central elements of capitalism & socialism and allows private ownership and free enterprise to compete with businesses, industries, and services owned and operated by the state.
Mechanical solidarity is characterized by tradition, unity, consensus of norms & values, and strong informal pressure to conform.
Organic solidarity is characterized by a highly sophisticated division of labor that makes individuals interdependent with one another.
Created by: 241152
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