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Black Saga 1900's
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rosamond Johnson, trained at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, an his brother James Weldon Johnson, wrote a song that is often called the “Black National Anthem.” It was written in 1901. Name it. | Lift Every Voice and Sing |
| In 1898, Dr. John Merrick, Dr. Aaron M. Moore and Charles Spaulding, founded a company in Durham, North Carolina that became the “world’s largest black-owned business” It remains the nation’s oldest and largest black-owned life insurance company. Name i | North Carolina Mutual Insurance Company |
| In many large U.S. cities, wealthy African Americans developed their own residential districts because racial discrimination laws prohibited them from living among whites of similar wealth. In Atlanta, this district becomes the premier residence for Afric | Auburn Avenue District also called “Sweet Auburn” |
| He was the only black congressman sworn in when the Fifty-fifth U.S. Congress met on March 15, 1897. He was the last black person to be elected to the U.S. Congress for another 28 years. After leaving Congress in 1901, he founded a black town in Cape May | George Henry White; Whitesboro, NJ |
| President Theodore Roosevelt upset many residents in the South when he invited this famous black educator to dine with him at the White House. Southern newspapers attacked the President and his guest. For example, the Memphis (Tennessee) Scimitar, said Ro | Booker T. Washington |
| In 1903, she became the first black woman to head a bank. She presided over the St. Luke Bank and Trust Company in Richmond, Virginia. She took $9,000 of initial deposits and increased bank holdings to $376,000 in a few years. The Bank helped many blac | Maggie Lena Walker |
| Match the historically black colleges or universities with the state where they are located (you may use letters more than one time). Claflin College | South Carolina |
| Spelman College | Georgia |
| Xavier University | Louisiana |
| Howard University | Washington D.C. |
| Prairie View State College | Texas |
| Langston University | Oklahoma |
| Bethune-Cookman College | Florida |
| Cheyney University | Pennsylvania |
| Hampton University | Virginia |
| Coppin State College | Maryland |
| Wilberforce University | Ohio |
| Morehouse College | Georgia |
| Meharry Medical School | Tennessee |
| Alcorn State University | Mississippi |
| Tuskegee University | Alabama |
| Fisk University | Tennessee |
| In 1904, this African American was the first of his race to enter the Olympic Games and win a medal. He won two bronze medals in the Olympics held in St. Louis. He grew up in Wisconsin and earned a college degree in history from the University of Wisconsi | George Poage; hurdles (200 meters and 400 meters) |
| 459. She earned a degree from Moody Bible Institute in Chicago, but was rejected to be a Presbyterian missionary. She moved to Daytona Beach, Florida, became a teacher and decided to open her own school. With desks made from packing crates from a nearby | Mary McLeod Bethune |
| Twenty-nine black intellectuals, headed by W.E.B. Du Bois, organized this movement in Fort Erie, Canada in 1905. It demanded the abolition of all forms of racial discrimination and was a direct response to Booker T. Washington's cautious approach to raci | Niagara Movement |
| 461. This African American attended Hampton Institute and later, Kent College of Law in Chicago, receiving an LL.B. (law) Degree in 1898. After practicing law in the Midwest for five years, he returned to Chicago and in 1905, founded the Chicago Defender | Robert Abbott |
| 462. In 1908, this athlete became the first African American to win an Olympic gold medal. He won it in a team event, the 4x400 meter relay race. He was born in 1882 in Washington, D.C. and later graduated from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of V | John Baxter Taylor,Jr. |
| This African American leader grew up in Boston and entered Harvard College in 1891. He became the first black person to be honored with membership in Phi Beta Kappa, an honorary group of students with exceptional grades. By 1899, he owned a successful re | William Monroe Trotter |
| The National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, the first professional organization of black women, was organized in 1909. At the time, the most immediate goals were the integration of Black RNs into nursing schools, nursing jobs, and nursing organiz | Martha M. Franklin |
| 465. This important civil rights group was organized in New York City on February 12, 1909. Its purpose was to advance the civil rights of African American people and to protect the rights of all people.This organization has become one of the major civil | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
| The Crisis is a major magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Who was the first editor of the Crisis? | W.E.B. Du Bois |
| 467. In 1910, this woman established a hair-products manufacturing company that eventually employed about 3,000 workers. In her early life, she had worked as a washerwoman, but invested her wages to develop a hair conditioner for women. She is the first | Madame C. J. Walker |
| This major organization was founded in 1911 from a merger of three organization the Committee for Improving the Industrial Conditions of Negroes in New York, the National League for the Protection of Colored Women, and the Committee on Urban Conditions. T | The National Urban League |
| This African American was a member of Admiral Robert E. Peary's expedition to the North Pole. Some records show that he was the first person to reach the Pole and place the American flag there. In 1912, he wrote of his experiences in A Negro Explorer at t | Matthew Henson |
| In 1912, this black person, born to farmers in Clarendon Hills, Jamaica (1889), published his first two volumes of poetry: Songs of Jamaica and Constab Ballads. He had moved to the United States to study agriculture at Tuskegee under George Washington Car | Claude McKay |
| W.C. Handy, founder of one of the first black-owned music publishing companies, is often called the "Father of the Blues" because he wrote some of the most notable and lasting blues songs. Two of his “blues” songs have city names in their title. Name the | "Memphis Blues" (Tennessee) and "St. Louis Blues" (Missouri). Also, "East St. Louis Blues" (Illinois) |
| He was the first black sprinter to hold the title "world's fastest human" by co-holding the world's record in the 100-yard dash (9.6 seconds) in 1914. During the previous two years (1912 and 1913) he held the AAU Championship in the 200-yard dash. Name h | Howard P. Drew |
| 473. In 1914, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) created a “medal” to award each year “to acknowledge the highest achievement by an American Negro”. The medal was named for a generous donor and chairperson of the NAACP | Spingarn Medal (after Joel E. Spingarn) |
| This African American believed strongly that the black educated class had an obligation to uplift the African American masses. He founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and Culture in 1915, and later began publishing the Journal of Negro His | Carter G. Woodson |
| Between 1915 and 1920, nearly one million African Americans moved from the agricultural South to the crowded urban cores of the North. What is the name given to this mass movement of people from the South to the North? | The Great Migration |
| This migration was part of a much larger movement of African Americans out of the South. Over the 1900-1930 period, about how many African Americans moved from the South primarily to urban centers of the North? | 4 million |
| In 1915, the first African American to win the NAACP's Spingarn Medal contributed significantly to the sciences despite racial prejudice. A noted zoologist and marine biologist, he taught at Howard University for 32 years and spent more than 20 summers a | Ernest Everett Just |
| Marcus Garvey founded this organization that grew to more than six million members in the U.S. and other countries. The organization worked to increase black pride and to develop economic and educational self-help programs. Over time, it had a church, a | Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) |
| He worked as a field hand to earn money to attend Harvard University. In 1915, he graduated from Harvard Medical School with honors and fourth in his class. Barred from an internship at hospitals around Boston, he did his internship at Freedmen’s Hospit | Louis Tomkins Wright |
| In the October 6, 1917 issue of the Literary Digest, the editor wrote about a new music that was becoming popular in the country. The music he described has deep origins in Africa. It is thought to have borrowed from the blues, religious hymns and spiritu | jazz |
| On October 14, 1916, this African American, a sophomore student who played tackle and guard for the Rutgers University football team, was benched when the team from Washington and Lee University refused to play the game against an African American. Throug | Paul Robeson |
| This African American scientist and inventor is credited with saving the lives of millions of people around the world. His first major invention was a gas mask or smoke protector that won First Grand Prize at the Second International Exposition of Sanitat | Garrett Morgan |
| This African American singer broke the color barrier in concert halls for black classical singers. In 1917, he was the first black person to sing in Symphony Hall in Boston and later was the first black singer to give a recital at Carnegie Hall in New Yo | Roland Hayes |
| This African American was born in Jacksonville, Florida in 1871 to a middle-class family. When he graduated from Atlanta University, he became a school teacher in Jacksonville, Florida. He later became a lawyer before moving to New York City and finding | James Weldon Johnson |
| In 1917, as many as 10,000 people marched down Fifth Avenue in this city in a silent protest sponsored by the NAACP against lynching. This protest was organized by James Weldon Johnson who had been appointed Field Secretary of the NAACP. Name the city wh | New York City |
| This entire military regiment won the Croix de Guerre (the Legion of Honor) from the French government for their bravery in World War I. The Germans called them "Hell Fighters," but they referred to themselves as "Black Rattlers." Some even referred to t | 369th Colored Infantry; Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts |
| The Croix de Guerre was also awarded to the first African American combat pilot who had joined the French Foreign Legion and fought with France’s Flying Crops. Name him | Eugene Jacques Bullard |
| This African American was a pioneer filmmaker. In 1918, he produced and directed Birthright, the first full-length black film. He made many movies, including The Homesteader and Body and Soul, the latter starring Paul Robeson. Name him | Oscar Micheaux |
| In 1918, he became the first black person to earn a first mate’s license on a U.S. Navy ship. In 1942, he became the first black captain of a U.S. merchant ship. Name him | Hugh Mulzac |
| In the summer of 1919, so much blood was shed in race riots in most large American cities that it has been called what? | “Red Summer” |
| 489. In 1919, this athlete became the first black person to play professional football for a major team (the Akron Indians). He previously had been the first black football player to play in the Rose Bowl. Name him | Frederick "Fritz" Pollard |
| He learned to play the piano at the age of six. He later dropped out of school in his teens to pursue a musical career and, by 1919, was considered one of New York’s top pianists. In 1922, he recorded "Birmingham Blues" and "Muscle Shoals Blues". He wro | Thomas Wright “Fats” Waller |
| In the 1920s, many African Americans called this place “the Capital of the African American World.” Name it | Harlem |
| In 1920, Andrew "Rube" Foster, an African American baseball manager called together other African American team owners in this city to organize the Negro National Baseball League (NNBL). Although Foster was a great pitcher for the Chicago Union Giants, he | Kansas City, Missouri |
| This organization that spread hatred of blacks was established in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866. The organization believed in using any means necessary to undermine the freedom of blacks and restore white rule. In response to the growth of two civil rights o | Ku Klux Klan |
| In 1920, three African American women received their Ph.D. degree. Eva Dykes received a degree in English from Radcliffe College; Georgiana Simpson received a Ph.D. in German from the University of Chicago and the third received a Ph.D. in economics from | Sadi T. Mossell |
| This term is used to describe a social, economic, and cultural explosion in the African American experience, starting with the movement of African Americans from Southern to the Northern cities in 1915 and continuing through the 1920s and 1930s. As blacks | The Harlem Renaissance |
| One of the most popular black musicals to open on Broadway was produced by Eubie Blake, a ragtime pianist and composer, and Noble Sissle. It was the first Broadway show to be written, produced and performed by blacks, and was the first to include jazz c | Shuffle Along |
| In 1921, Henry Pace organized the Pace Phonographic Corporation. It was the first record company owned and operated by an African American. What was the label name used on its records | The Black Swan |
| A number of race riots occurred after World War I. On May 30, 1921, an incident in this town sparked widespread anger between whites and blacks. As many as 200 African Americans and 50 whites were killed. One account noted that the riot was unequal in | Tulsa, Oklahoma |
| Robert Douglas, an African American from Harlem, formed the first all-black professional basketball team. This black-owned team dominated the game during the 1920s, beating every team, including the Boston Celtics. Over 26 years of play, the team posted 2 | New York Renaissance, referred to as the Rens |
| In the 1920s, this theatre in Harlem became the most prestigious black entertainment center in the country and continued to be so until the 1960s. Some say that no black entertainer became successful without first playing in this theatre. At one time, a | Apollo Theatre |
| This street in Memphis was once the home of wealthy cotton planters before the Civil War. In the 1920s, it became a center of the black neighborhood and black musicians flourished here, including W.C. Handy (“Father of the Blues”). The Daisy Theatre loca | Beale Street |
| In 1923, this African American inventor sold his patent for an automatic traffic signal to General Electric for $40,000. Before his device was used, traffic control signals were operated manually by a police officer. His invention made traffic move more | Garrett Morgan |
| This track and field athlete of the University of Michigan won the broad jump at the Olympic Games in Paris. He became the first black athlete to win an individual Olympic gold medal. Name him | DeHart Hubbard |
| In 1925, this African American philosopher, writer, professor at Howard University and the first African American Rhodes Scholar (1907), created the term "New Negro." The term taken from his book, The New Negro, conveyed a renewed confidence and pride am | Alain Locke |
| Because labor unions prohibited blacks from becoming members and discrimination in the workplace was commonplace, blacks were generally concentrated in jobs that paid low wages with no benefits, were the most dangerous, and those where abuse of workers wa | Railroad Sleeping Car Porters |
| He was the first African American author to have a long-running Broadway hit. It happened when his play, Mulatto, opened at the Vanderbilt Theatre on October 24, 1935 and ran until December 9, 1937. It was one of the most successful plays and the second | Langston Hughes |
| Although Howard University was established in 1867 to educate African Americans, the first African American was not appointed “president” until June 1926. After his appointment, he remained president for 34 years–up to 1960. Previously he had been Profes | Mordecai Wyatt Johnson |
| As a child, this five-year old African American girl appeared as a singer in a church program. She later became an entertainer in nightclubs and vaudeville. Her Broadway debut was in Africana in 1927 which was followed by a national tour in As Thousands | Ethel Waters |
| When Chicago's voters elected him to the U.S. Congress in 1928, he was the first African American Congressman since 1901 and the first elected from the North. Name him | Oscar De Priest |
| In the 1920s and 1930s this city becomes a jazz center and the development of a certain style of jazz. This style includes solo improvisations and special playing of the brass section. This new style was showcased by Count Basie and his band which was org | Kansas City, Missouri (Kansas City jazz) |
| In 1929, three historically black colleges agreed to affiliate and offer an exciting new intellectual experience for black students. It would be the first historically black college or university to offer graduate degrees for African Americans. John Hop | Atlanta University |
| Even today, most jazz musicians and critics call her "the First Lady of Jazz.” Her first big break came in the 1930s when she began singing with Chick Webb and his band at the Harlem Opera House. She would soon become the top female jazz singer in the wor | Ella Fitzgerald |
| In 1927, this band leader signed a contract with the famous Cotton Club in New York City and his music career soared over the next several decades. At the Cotton Club, he had a weekly broadcast that gave him not only national exposure but access to other | Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington |
| During the career of this writer and journalist, she wrote more than 200 poems, 40 plays, 30 songs, and edited about 100 books by 1930. She was a friend to many African American writers of the 1920s and 1930s, including Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, A | Georgia Douglas Johnson |
| In the 1930s, this African American became widely known as “the Father of Gospel Song” because of his important role in the development of African American gospel music. Although he started his career as a blues pianist and songwriter, he later was co-f | Thomas Andrew Dorsey |
| In 1930, this foundation built its 500th black school. As early as 1883, it had contributed $25,000 for the construction of buildings at Tuskegee Institute and schools in Macon County, Alabama. Over a period of time, this foundation contributed approxima | Julius Rosenwald Fund |
| In 1931, this African American became the Executive Secretary of the NAACP. He served until 1955. During World War II, he traveled to the South to investigate the lynching of blacks. He encouraged the NAACP to set up the Legal Defense Fund to legally cha | Walter White |
| This African American poet was one of the leading writers of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote more than 30 books on the African American experience, including Black Thunder, a book about the slave rebellion led by Gabriel Prosser in 1800. He was also a po | Arna Bontemps |
| This choreographer was a pioneer in restoring the African and Caribbean heritage to dance in America. It was her featured role as “Georgia Brown” in Cabin in the Sky that allowed others to see her as a great artist. Because of her choreography and her in | Katherine Dunham |
| This African American writer studied black folklore. Among her notable books are Tell My Horse (1930), Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934), Mules and Men (1937), and Their Eyes Were Watching God (1938). Name this important African American writer | Zora Neale Hurston |
| This African American received as many as 61 patents. In 1935, he developed the first automatic refrigeration system for trucks--an invention that changed the eating habits of the entire nation. He later developed air conditioning units for military fiel | Frederick McKinley Jones |
| African American writers such as Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison advanced their careers with funds from this federal project. Between 1935 and 1939, this project, established by President Franklin Roosevelt in his New Deal plan, funded many artists. Jac | Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
| In 1935, this African American became the first black Democrat in the U.S. Congress, breaking a long tradition of only black Republicans in Congress. He beat Oscar DePriest in the Illinois First Congressional District election to take his seat in the U.S | Arthur W. Mitchell |
| In 1935, this African American educator and political advisor to President Franklin Roosevelt established the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) to fight racial and gender discrimination. The organization grew rapidly, and in the 1970s, it was one of | Mary McLeod Bethune |
| This African American athlete, born on an Alabama sharecropping farm, won three individual and one team gold medal in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany. He became the first Olympian ever to win four gold medals. Adolf Hitler left the stadium to | Jesse Owens |
| In 1937, Joe Louis, the son of Alabama sharecroppers, earned the title of heavyweight boxing champion of the world by defeating Jim J. Braddock. He became known internationally as “the Brown Bomber,” how long did he retain the world heavyweight boxing cha | 11 years |
| He became the first African American to serve as a U.S. federal judge. President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him to the federal district court in the Virgin Islands in 1937. Name him | William H. Hastie |
| This African American woman became the first black woman lawmaker when she was elected to the Pennsylvania legislature in 1938. She was born in Princess Anne, MD in 1894. She was a public school teacher and joined the American Friends Service Committee | Crystal Bird Fauset |
| She became the first African American female judge when, in 1939, she was appointed to the New York City Court of Domestic Relations. By this time, she had become accustomed to being the “first” to accomplish many things. For example, she was one of the | Jane Matilda Bolin |
| In 1939, this actress won the first Academy Award (the Oscar) ever given to a black performer. She earned the Oscar as best supporting actress for her role in Gone with the Wind. Name her | Hattie McDaniel |
| In February 27, 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) denied an African American opera singer permission to perform in Washington, D.C.'s Constitution Hall. At the time, she was one of the most celebrated opera singers in the world. Firs | Marian Anderson |
| On July 13, 1898, this African American college student entered military service. His first duty was in the U.S. 9th Cavalry Regiment, one of the original Buffalo Soldier units. Over his long career, this soldier served in the Spanish American War and Wo | Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. |
| In 1940, the U.S. Army announced the formation of a training school for black pilots. Called the "Home of Black Aviation," the school was located in the same town as the famous black college founded by Booker T. Washington. What is the name of this town? | Tuskegee, Alabama |
| At Tuskegee, Alabama, the nation’s first black military pilots were trained by a person who was frequently called “the Father of Black Aviation.” He taught himself to fly in the 1920s and was most instrumental in teaching black pilots in the 1940s. Some | Charles Alfred Anderson |
| Native Son, a "black protest" novel became an immediate bestseller in 1940. As a result, the author became internationally renowned and the first black writer to have a novel become a Book-of-the-Month Club selection. In collaboration with Paul Green, t | Richard Wright |
| This African American is cited as the most widely praised artist of the 20th century. His paintings of the lives, dreams, and struggles of African Americans are among the most respected of any artist. His paintings show his deep understanding of African | Jacob Lawrence |
| In 1940, this U.S. President signed the Selective Service Act which allowed Blacks to enter all branches of the U.S. Military Service. Name him | President Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| After writing a dissertation on “Banked Blood” to receive a medical degree from Columbia University, this African American physician was selected by the American Red Cross to head the “Plasma for Britain Project”. In 1940, the American Red Cross believe | Charles Drew |
| This African American leader was selected President of the National Negro Congress and immediately called for a united front against discrimination, racism, and segregation in American life. He advocated the use of tactics like “mass demonstrations, such | A. Philip Randolph |
| In 1941, this President issued Executive Order 8802 that prohibited employers from discriminating against African Americans in the war industries and government services because of race, creed, color, or national origin. The Order came in response to the | Franklin Roosevelt |
| In 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt announced a $350 million emergency shipbuilding program that resulted in 2,750 Liberty ships being built in the nation’s shipyards by the end of World War II. Seventeen Liberty ships were named after African Americans | Robert Abbott,John Merrick,Robert Banks, John Murphy,George Washington Carver, Edward Savoy,William Cox, Harriet Tubman Frederick Douglass Robert Vann, Paul Dunbar, James Walker, John Hope, Booker Washington, James Johnson,Bert Williams, George Lawson |
| The first Liberty ship named after an African American was built and launched in 1942. It was christened by a famous African American opera singer who had been barred from performing at Constitution Hall by the Daughters of the American Revolution beca | Booker T. Washington and it was christened by Marian Anderson |
| 550. CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), a non-violent action-oriented civil rights group, was founded by James Farmer, Bayard Rustin and others in Chicago, Illinois in 1941. Farmer became the group’s national director in 1961.CORE successfully used a tac | "sit-ins" |
| This African American graduated from the Teacher’s College of Columbia University with a master’s degree in religious education. He succeeded his father as pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem in 1938 when he was just 20 years old. He used his p | Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. |
| On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the U.S. naval base in Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. This African American, assigned to the U.S. Navy as a cook and not trained to use the big guns due to widespread racial discrimination, took over the guns | Dorie Miller; USS West Virginia |
| After his death, this African American was awarded the Navy Cross for heroic action aboard the USS San Francisco in Battle of Guadalcanal. He was serving as mess attendant first class on the ship when Japanese aircraft struck. This hero rushed to help e | Leonard Roy Harmon |
| This talented black first baseman with the Homestead Grays was called the “Black Lou Gehrig.” He played 17 years with this Negro Baseball League team, the longest term of any player service with one team in Negro leagues history. During his career in the | Walter “Buck” Leonard |
| John H. Johnson published the first copy of Negro Digest on November 1, 1942. It became the first successful black-owned successful general magazine. Out of this venture came the Johnson Publishing Company, now one of the largest black-owned businesses i | Jet and Ebony |
| In 1943, this black educator and scholar was the first of his race admitted to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. At the time of his admittance, he was Chairman of the Department of Sociology at Atlanta University. Name him | Dr. W.E.B. DuBois |
| This African American was one of the most successful stage actors on Broadway. On October 19, 1943, he starred in the title role of Othello, a production that ran for 296 performances and set the record for Shakespearean drama on Broadway. He is also kn | Paul Robeson |
| The United Negro College Fund was founded to help raise dollars for all-black colleges and universities. It raised $760,000 in its first year to support these educational institutions. It was founded by the then-president of Tuskegee Institute. Name him | Frederick Douglass Patterson |
| In 1944, a black woman brought suit after being arrested and fined $10 for refusing to move to the back of a bus. This woman refused to give up her seat in a crowded Greyhound bus to a white couple. The bus driver drove to the nearest jail in Saluda, Vi | Irene M. Morgan (later Irene M. Kirkaldy); Morgan vs. Commonwealth of Virginia |
| Jackie Robinson broke the color line in modern major league baseball when he signed to play for the Montreal Royals, a Brooklyn Dodgers Triple A affiliate team in the International League in 1945. Before that, he played for a team of the National Negro Ba | Kansas City Monarchs |
| This group of black soldiers served in the U.S. Army Air Force. During their period of active service, they amassed one of the most impressive records of any airmen--150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, one Legion of Merit, one Silver Star, fourteen Bronze S | Tuskegee Airmen |
| In 1946, this black woman earned the title of "Queen of Gospel" when her recording of "Move Up A Little Higher" sold more than 8 millions copies. She appeared on radio, TV, and toured Europe several times. She appeared in Carnegie Hall in 1950. She san | Mahalia Jackson |
| In 1946, this athlete was the first black person to play modern professional football. He played with the Los Angeles Rams.Name him | Kenny Washington |
| In 1947, this African American artist produced her much celebrated I Am a Negro Woman series of sculptures, prints, and paintings. Born in Washington, D.C., she attended Howard University where she studied design, printmaking and drawing. She later gra | Elizabeth Catlett |
| The first modern major league baseball game in which a black player participated occurred on April 10, 1947, when this player took the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He had previously attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he e | Jackie Robinson |
| Between 1947 to 1956, this African American played mostly at second base, batted 73.311 in 1,382 games, was an outstanding base runner, and in 1962, was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame--the first black player so honored. In 1956, this black sports | Jackie Robinson |
| He was the first African American baseball player in the American League. Just 11 weeks after Jackie Robinson broke the color line in modern league baseball, this player joined the Cleveland Indians. In his 13 year career, he became the League’s second b | Larry Doby |
| This African American baseball player played for the Homestead Grays and Memphis Red Sox of the National Negro Baseball League before he signed to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers. On August 26, 1947 he was sent in as a reliever in a game against Pittsbur | Dan Bankhead |
| In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that agreements (covenants) that restricted certain homes or tracts of land from use and occupancy by black, Jewish, and Asian people could not be enforced. Name this case | Shelley vs. Kraemer |
| On July 26, 1948, this President signed Executive Order 9981 that ended discrimination in the military. He stated, "Men in uniform should have equality of treatment and opportunity regardless of race, color, religion, or national origin." Who was this | Harry S. Truman |
| He became the first black catcher in the major leagues when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1948. During his short ten-year career, he won the National League’s Most Valuable Player award in 1951, 1953, and 1955. He was the second African American to | Roy Campanella |
| In this U.S. Supreme Court case, it was declared that a state must provide legal education or a law school for blacks at the same time it is offered to whites. Name the case. | Sipuel vs. University of Oklahoma |
| In the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England, this African American female tied for first in the high jump with an Olympic record of 5’ 6 1 | Alice Coachman |
| 4”. She was awarded the gold medal on the basis of fewer misses--the only gold medal won by an African American woman in track and field. She became the first African American woman to win a gold medal in the Olympic Games. Name her | Alice Coachman |
| This African American was the first of his race to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. In 1949, he became the 20,699th midshipman to graduate. Despite racial abuse and harassment, he remained at the Academy and graduated. Na | Wesley A. Brown |
| They called him "Satchmo" but his real name was Daniel Louis Armstrong. In 1949, he was the first black musician to preside over the New Orleans Mardi Gras and was one of the most influential musicians in the nation and the world at the time. What was h | trumpet; jazz |
| He was among the first African Americans to break the color barrier in entertainment and become a star of stage and screen. Between 1920 and 1940, he appeared in many Broadway shows and was featured in 21 movies. He is best known for his movies with chil | Bill "Bojangles" Robinson |
| He became the first African American composer to have his opera, Troubled Island, produced by a major opera company. It premiered on March 31, 1949 at the New York City Opera. He was recognized as one of America's greatest composers after the Rochester P | William Grant Still |
| In 1949, just two years after the color line was broken in major league baseball, this African American player was voted the National League's Most Valuable Player. He led all other players with a batting average of .342. In 1962, he became the first Afr | Jackie Robinson |
| In 1949, he was a pitcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers when he won 20 games in his rookie year. In 1955, he hit safely 42 times and had a batting average of .350. He was awarded the National League’s Most Valuable Player Award in 1956 and more importantly, | Don Newcombe |
| This famous jazz singer’s sad life is described in her autobiography, Lady Sings The Blues. She appeared with Count Basie’s orchestra and had many hit records including "God Bless the Child." She was called “Lady Day.” Who was she? | Billie Holiday |
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