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TL Menstrual Cycle

HESI Menstrual Cycle

QuestionAnswer
How many phases are in the menstrual cycle? four
How many days are in a normal menstrual cycle? 21 to 45
What is the mean age for menarche (first menstruation) in the United States? 12 almost 13
How long after breast budding does menarche usually occur? 1-3 years
Discuss the possibility for pregnancy/ovulation after menarche. Pregnancy can occur after the first menstrual cycle. Most women begin ovulation within 24 months after menarche.
What are the four phases of menarche? Menstrual Phase, Proliferation (Follicular) Phase, Secretory (Luteal) Phase, Ischemic Phase
How long does the menstrual phase usually last? 1-5 days
What happens during the menstrual phase? The endometrium is shed in the form of uterine bleeding.
When does the proliferation or follicular phase take place? The proliferation phase takes place from day 5 of the cycle to ovulation.
What happens during the proliferation phase? Estrogen causes the buildup of new endometrium. FSH is secreted from the anterior pituitary. A surge of LH converts the follicle to a corpus luteum which produces progesterone.
What happens during the secretory (luteal) phase? Estrogen levels level off. Progesterone levels increase.
When in the cycle does the secretory (luteal) phase occur? from ovulation to about 3 days before menstruation.
What happens during the Ischemic phase? In absence of fertilization the corpus luteum degenerates. Estrogen and progesterone levels drop off. The endometrium becomes blood starved leading to menstruation.
How does the beginning of the menstrual cycle relate to the time frame of ovulation? Usually there are exactly 14 days between ovulation and the beginning of the next menstruation.
How long can sperm live? 2-3 days
How long does the egg live? about 24 hours
How long should a couple abstain from sex around ovulation to avoid pregnancy? Several days before ovulation and 3 days after ovulation
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