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68wm6 p2 Ped Gen Dis
Pediatric Genitourinary Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is fluid of greater importance in infants and small children? | It constitutes larger fraction of total body weight |
| How long is glomerular filtration and absorbtion low in infants? | Until 1-2 yrs of age |
| What does urodynamics determine? | the rate of urine flow by volume and pressure |
| What does uroflowmetry measure? | efficiency of urination |
| What is a Cystometrogram? | graphic comparison of bladder pressure as a function of volume |
| What is a Voiding pressure study? | comparison of detrusor contraction pressure, sphincter electromyelogram and urinary flow |
| What two procedures assess bladder capacity and function? | Cystometrogram and urethral pressure profile |
| UTIs in children occur predominately in what age group? | 2-6 yrs |
| What are the majority of UTIs in children caused by? | 80% caused by E.Coli |
| True or False: To collect a urine sample from children you can collect from a mid-stream sample, catheterization, and wet diaper. | False. You can collect from all except wet diaper. |
| What are the common antiinfective agents used for UTI? | *Pencillins *Sulfonamide (trimethoprim and sulfisoxazole in combination) *Cephalosporins *Nitrofurantoin |
| What forms of bathing and bathing accessories should be avoided to reduce risk of UTIs? | *bubble baths *water softeners *hot tubs *whirlpool baths |
| When is recurrance of UTIs most likey, and what symptoms are common? | recurrence is most likely within 1-2 months after infection and is often asymptomatic |
| Repeated UTIs can result in? | Renal scarring, decreased renal function and can contribute to hypertension as an adult |
| What is hydronephrosis? | Distention of the renal pelvis due to an obstruction. The pelvis of the kidney becomes enlarged and cysts form. |
| What is polycystic kidney? | condition in which large, fluid-filled cysts form in place of healthy kidney tissue in the fetus |
| What is nephrotic syndrome? | syndrome refers to a number of different types of kidney conditions that is distinguished by the presence of marked amounts of protein in the urine, edema, and hypoalbuminemia |
| What is the most common classification of nephrotic syndrome? | Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), found in approximately 80% of cases |
| What age group is nephrotic syndrome most common in? | 2-8 yrs of age |
| True or False: Effective steroid Tx prevents relapse in nephrotic syndrome. | False. Though steroids ARE an effective Tx, most PTs have periods of relapse until the disease resolves itself. |
| What are the S/Sx of nephrotic syndrome? | *Edema (characteristic symptom) *Pale *Listless *Irritable *Poor appetite *Albumin & RBCs in urine *Decreased albumin in RBCs in blood |
| What is the steroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome? | prednisone for 1-2 months |
| When are fluids restricted in a PT with nephrotic syndrome? | when massive edema is present |
| Nephrosis is more common in which gender? Is more prevalent at what ages? | Boys, 2 - 8 years old |
| What is Acute Glomerulonephritis? | (Brights disease)Glomerulus become inflamed and blocked as an allergic reaction to infection in the body |
| How long does Acute Glomerulonephritis (Brights disease) last? | Complete recovery in 10-14 days |
| What specifically does Acute Glomerulonephritis (Brights disease) follow, and how long after? | Strep infections, 1-3 weeks. |
| S/Sx of Acute Glomerulonephritis (Brights disease): | *Periorbital edema upon awakening *Smoky brown or bloody urine *Decreased urine output *Hyperkalemia *Hypertension |
| Tx of Acute Glomerulonephritis (Brights disease): | *Limited activity until gross hematuria subsides *Urine regularly examined *Sodium and fluid restriction; foods high in potassium are restricted during oliguria *Maintain strict intake and output |
| What is a Wilms tumor? | Wilm's tumor (Nephroblastoma) is an embryonal adenosarcoma |
| 2/3rds of Wilm's tumor (Nephroblastoma) are discovered when? | Before 3 years of age during routine checkup |
| True or False: Wilms Tumors are found easily on palpation of abdomen. | False, trick question. Do NOT Palpate Abdomen! Avoid handling of the abdomen to prevent the spread of disease |
| What is the diet for PTs with chronic renal failure? | Protein is restricted while sodium and water and not initially limited |
| What may counteract kidney growth failure in children with chronic renal failure? | Growth hormone |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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