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Lucas Final
Final Exam For US History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What year did Theodore Roosevelt become president? | 1901 |
| How did Theodore Roosevelt become president? | McKinley was assassinated. |
| Describe Theodore Roosevelt's life before presidency. | Born wealthy, Poor Health, Attended Harvard, Former New York Police Commissioner, Elected assistant secretary of Navy in 1896, Former governor of New York |
| Theodore Roosevelt lead what Calvary group during the Spanish-American war? | Rough Riders |
| Who was Theodore Roosevelt's political boss? | Thomas C. Platt, but he soon pushed him aside |
| Name the three factions of the Republican party during the early 20th century. | Old Guard, Reformers, Agrarian Progressives |
| Describe the Old Guards. | Economic Conservatives |
| Describe the Reformers. | Middle Class Professionals |
| Describe the Agrarian Progressives. | Farmers, or those who lived in rural areas |
| What deal do the Old Guards make with Theodore Roosevelt? | He cannot touch the economy. |
| What year did Theodore Roosevelt gain complete control of the party? | 1904 |
| Who did Theodore Roosevelt run against in 1904? | Alton B. Parker |
| What two types of big businesses did Theodore Roosevelt deal with? | Trusts and Railroads |
| What misnomer (misleading nickname) did Theodore Roosevelt earn? | Trust Buster |
| What did Theodore Roosevelt believe about big businesses? | They were unavoidable, so they should within the public's interest. |
| Why did Theodore Roosevelt prosecute the Northern Securities Company? | They "violated" the Sherman Antitrust Act (this is debatable). |
| According to the government, did the NSC violate the SAA? | Yes. |
| Did anything change from the NSC vs. SAA case? | No, the companies still did what they pleased. |
| What other businesses violated the Sherman Antitrust Act? | Beef Trusts, American Tobacco, Standard Oil |
| What did Theodore Roosevelt do to the Interstate Commerce Commission? | He strengthened it. |
| What was the Elkin Act? | It imposed large fines on railroads that offered rebates and shippers that accepted the rebates. |
| When was the Elkin Act passed? | 1903 |
| What was the Hepburn Act? | It extended the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission. It also allowed them to set side rates and new rates. |
| When was the Hepburn Act passed? | 1906 |
| What was the Coal Strike of 1902? | Owners of coal mines were upset with the working conditions of their mines set by the coal companies. |
| Who was president of the United Mine Workers? | John Mitchell |
| A year before the strike, the United Mine Workers tried to negotiate with the coal companies. What were their conditions? | 8 hour days, 10%-20% increase in wages, fair weight system |
| Who was the head of all coal mine owners that refused to cooperate with the coal workers? | George Bear |
| When coal started running short because of the strike, who first tried to negotiate with Bear and Michell? | Mark Hanna |
| Who is Mark Hanna? | Former Senator of Ohio and Former Political Manager of McKinley |
| Who tried after Mark Hanna to negotiate with Bear? | Theodore Roosevelt |
| When Bear refused to negotiate, what did Theodore Roosevelt do? | He threatened to bring in the army and let the government run the coal mines without the purpose of money. |
| Does Bear negotiate? | Yes. |
| How does Bear negotiate? | Sets up arbitrary commission, 10% increase in pay (10% increase in coal prices), 8 hour days for some employees, unfair weighing system still exists |
| What happens to the United Mine Workers? | They are unrecognized. |
| After Theodore Roosevelt read "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair, what did he do? | He sent someone out to inspect food distribution. They found shitty conditions. |
| What did Theodore Roosevelt do about the bad food conditions? | He proposed the Pure Food and Drugs Act and the Meat Inspection Act. |
| What did the Pure Food and Drugs Act state? | A company cannot distribute food in poor quality or poisonous drugs. |
| What did the Meat Inspection Act state? | Meat that is misbranded or in poor quality cannot be sold. |
| When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act and Meat Inspection Act pass? | 1906 |
| With the power of the Forest Reserve Act of 1891, what did Theodore Roosevelt do? | Set aside about 150 million acres of land, mainly for farmers. He also created about 50 wildlife refuges. |
| Who were the two candidates in the election of 1908? | William Howard Taft (Republican) and William Jennings Brian (Democratic) |
| Describe Taft's life before the election. | Born in Cincinnati, Law degree from Yale, Wanted to be part of the Supreme Court before election |
| Who ended up winning the election? | Taft |
| Who was Joseph Cannon? | Former Speaker of the House |
| Explain the controversy between Cannon and Taft. | A group of rebels (Insurgents) told Taft to cut Cannon's power. Taft refused, but the rebels were able to eventually cut Cannon's power. |
| What was the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act? | An act dedicated to lowering certain tariffs on imported goods. |
| Did the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act pass? | Yes. |
| What did the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act do after passed? | Essentially nothing. |
| Why did Taft support the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act? | Old Guards told him to. |
| Who was Richard Ballinger? | Secretary of Interior |
| Who was Gifford Pinchot? | Head of Forestry Service |
| What did Pinchot do to Ballinger? | Publicly accused him of exploiting the west for money. |
| What did Congress do to Pinchot and Ballinger? | They decided Ballinger was falsely accused, and fired Pinchot. |
| How did Pinchot being fired affect Taft? | The press didn't like Ballinger, so they gave Taft negative publicity for firing Pinchot. |
| What did the Mann-Elkins Act do? | It extended the Interstate Commerce Commission's authority to regulate telecommunications. |
| Was the Mann-Elkins Act successful? | No, it was abolished by Congress in 1913. |
| Describe what caused Taft's Patronage Policy. | The Old Guard didn't want the Insurgents to control patronage. |
| How was Taft's Patronage Policy handled? | First, Old Guards punished Insurgents for opposing them (1909). Then, Taft threatens the Insurgents with no patronage if they keep opposing (1910). |
| What did the Insurgents do? | They created the Progressive Republican League and called themselves the Progressives. |
| Who was the Progressive Republican League's president? | Robert LaFallot |
| Why was 1910 an important year for Theodore Roosevelt? | He had just returned from his vacation in Africa. |
| Why did Theodore Roosevelt return from Africa? | He had received letters from Pinchot and others complaining about how Taft had destroyed everything he stood for. |
| What year did Theodore Roosevelt challenge Taft for the presidential nomination? | 1911 |
| How successful was Theodore Roosevelt running against Taft? | He won the primaries, but lost in the long run because Taft had control of the party. |
| What does Theodore Roosevelt do after he loses against Taft? | He joins the Progressive Party. |
| What was another name for the Progressive Party? | Bull Moose Party |
| Who did the Progressives nominate for president in 1912? | Theodore Roosevelt |
| What were the goals of Roosevelt if elected in 1912? | New Nationalism: More political and economical laws |
| What were the specific political goals of Theodore Roosevelt in 1912? | National Presidential Primaries, Publication of finance records for political parties, Women Voting Rights |
| What were the specific economic goal of Theodore Roosevelt in 1912? | Federal regulation for industrial commission, prohibit child labor, workman's compensation, minimum wage for women, income tax, and a limitation on the army |
| Who did the Democrats nominate in 1912 for the presidential election? | Woodrow Wilson and James "Champ" Clark |
| Describe Wilson's life before the election. | Southern Background, Attended Princeton Law School, Taught At Princeton, Quit To Run For Governor Of New Jersey |
| Who won the election of 1912? | Wilson with 435 electoral college votes |
| What two main things did Wilson do while in office? | Lowered the tariff, and improved the federal reserve system |
| What tariff act did Wilson pass? | Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act |
| What did the Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act do? | It lowered basic tariffs from 40% to 25%. |
| When was the Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act brought into effect? | 1913 |
| What did Wilson do to improve the federal reserve system? | Federal Reserve Act |
| Why did Wilson created the Federal Reserve Act? | Panic of 1907 |
| What committee was created in 1912 to investigate the money system? | Pujo Committee |
| What did the Pujo Committee discover? | Too much of the currently printed money was owned by just a couple people, and most of it was in New York |
| How did the Conservatives want to improve the Federal Reserve Act? | Set up central banks that would run the economy |
| How did the Democrats want to improve the Federal Reserve Act? | The government should control the banks. |
| How did the southern states want the Federal Reserve Act to work? | Set up private banks with local control. |
| What did the final version of the Federal Reserve Act contain? | Federal Reserve Board, 12 Federal Reserve Banks, National banks had to become members of the federal reserve system, and trusts |
| What was the Federal Reserve Board? | A seven member committee appointed by the president that supervised banks. |
| What two acts were created for trusts? | Federal Trade Commission Act and Clayton Antitrust Act |
| What did the Federal Trade Commission Act do? | It set up a five member committee called the Federal Trade Commission that told corporations they can't practice unfair trade. |
| What did the Clayton Antitrust Act do? | A better version of the Sherman Antitrust Act. It also made labor unions exempt from prosecution. |
| How did Wilson win the election of 1916? | He pushed for the Progressive Party's votes. |
| What did Wilson do to get the Progressive's votes? | He created three acts: Federal Farm Loan Act, Smith-Hughes Act, Revenue Act |
| What did the Federal Farm Loan Act do? | It allowed people to take out long term loans with low interest rates. |
| What did the Smith-Hughes Act do? | It provided agricultural, industrial arts, and commerce programs for public schools. |
| What did the Revenue Act do? | It caused an increase in taxes. |
| Who did the Republicans nominate for the 1916 elections? | Charles Hughes |
| Who was Charles Hughes? | A former Supreme court justice |
| Who did the Progressives nominate for the 1916 elections? | They tried to nominate Roosevelt, but he told them to just vote for Hughes. They ended up voting for Wilson. |
| When a railroad strike threatened in 1916, what did Wilson do to prevent it? | He passed the Adamson Act. |
| What did the Adamson Act do? | It created 8 hour days and overtime payment for railroad workers. |
| Who was Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla? | An engineer who pursuaded the US government to let him start the Panama Canal project. |
| Since the land was owned by Columbia, how did the US gain control of it? | They just took it. |
| What does Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla convince Panama to do? | He convinces them to start a revolution to break away from Columbia. |
| How does the US get the land to build the Panama Canal? | Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty |
| What did the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty do? | It gave the US a 10 mile wide canal area if they pay Panama about 10,000,000$ a year. |
| How did the US settle tension with Columbia? | They gave them 25,000,000$. |
| What was the Monroe Doctrine? | A policy the US created in 1823 that said any European nation that tries to colonize American land will be viewed as aggressors. |
| What was the Roosevelt Corollary? | An extension of the Monroe Doctrine that said any European that intervenes in conflicts with Latin American countries will be viewed as aggressors. |
| What is the problem with Mexico during Wilson's second term? | It is having many revolutions because of an oppressive government and economic exploitation. |
| What does Wilson do about Mexico? | He wants to help them gain political freedom, but not economic freedom. The US government says to leave Mexico to itself. |
| What is Wilson's stance on WW1? | He wishes to remain neutral. |
| How does the government react to WW1? | They don't help fight it, but side with the Allies. |
| What did Germany do to make the United States more hostile to them during WW1? | They sank the RMS Lusitania (A British ship with 128 Americans on it). |
| Other than the Lusitania, what ship did Germany sink during WW1? | SS Arabic |
| What did Wilson do in response to the sinking of the Lusitania? | He built up the army, and tried to convince the countries to compromise. He was unsuccessful in making them compromise. |
| How does Germany cause the US to join WW1? | They sink all ships that come close to Britain or France. |
| Why does Germany sink US ships during WW1? | They hope to make Britain and France starve enough to make them surrender. |
| What is the problem with Germany's plan to sink the USA's ships? | The USA can build ships as fast as they sink them. |
| How does the US respond to Germany sinking their ships? | They set up a blockade of ships to prevent Germany from receiving supplies. This is successful. |
| What does the US do to help their economy during WW1? | They create the War Industries Board, the Railroad Administration, and the War Labor Board. |
| How did the American people feel about the war? | Most were opposed to it. 56 Congress members were also against it. |
| How did Wilson respond to the American people's feelings about the war? | He started the Committee of Public Information. |
| Who was the head of the Committee of Public Information? | George Creel |
| What was the point of the Committee of Public Information? | It created propaganda to convince people to support the USA during the war. |
| How does the government respond to critics of the war? | They created the Espionage Act of 1917, the Trading with the Enemy Act, and the Sedition Act. |
| What did the Espionage Act of 1917 do? | It helped support the army. |
| What did the Trading with the Enemy Act do? | It allowed the government to stop foreign newspapers. |
| What did the Sedition Act do? | It stopped the American people from denouncing the government. |
| Who was arrested under the Sedition Act? | Eugene B. Deves |
| What was the Bolshevik Revolution? | A political revolution in Russia during WW1. |
| What makes the United States arrest the citizens that are part of the Bolshevik Revolution? | A series of unknown bombings across the countries. |
| How successful was the USA in arresting the those part of the Bolshevik Revolution? | Very unsuccessful. They arrested 5,000 people, but only 566 were radicals. |
| What does the USA do with those supposedly part of the Bolshevik Revolution? | Sends them back to Russia |
| What is the Treaty of Versailles? | The peace treaty that ended WW1. |
| What did the Treaty of Versailles say? | Germany much accept responsibility for the war. |
| What does Wilson push after WW1? | Fourteen Points |
| What were the most important points of the fourteen points? | There can't be secret alliances, draw lines of states, and create the League of Nations. |
| What does Germany request after WW1? | To be part of the alliance, with reservations, if they accept Wilson's fourteen points. |
| How successful was the League of Nations? | Not successful. |
| Who was Henry Lodge? | Senator from Massachusetts who lead a revolution against the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. He was successful. |
| How does the USA respond to the army after WW1? | They demobilize it (troops stand down their combat-ready status). |
| The USA took over the railroads during WW1. What do they do with the railroads after the war? | They give them back to the companies, but they get a 6% guaranteed profit. |
| What does the USA do with their excess of ships after WW1? | They sell them. |
| Who takes advantage of the USA selling their ships after WW1? | Henry Ford |
| What does Henry Ford do with the ships? | He uses their steel for scrap metal. |
| What other tactics did the USA use to sell ships? | They offered loans to buy the ships. |
| What was the main economic problem after WW1 in the USA? | There were less jobs. |
| What did workers do after WW1? | Strike |
| What were the three biggest strikes after WW1? | Boston Police Strike, Steel Strike, Coal Mines Strike |
| What was the Boston Police Strike? | Boston Police went on strike. Criminals weren't controlled, so Calvin Coolidge in the state troops. |
| What was the Steel Strike? | A strike in Gary, Indiana about the poor working conditions and 12 hour shifts. The owner didn't cooperate, so the state troops were sent in. |
| What was Coal Mines Strike? | A Pennsylvania strike by the United Mine Workers. John Louis demanded a 60% increase in pay and 30 hour weeks. |
| Who did the Republicans nominate for president in 1920? | Warren G. Harding |
| Who did the Democrats nominate for president in 1920? | James G. Cox |
| Who wins the 1920 elections? | Harding |
| What happened to Harding in 1923? | He died of pneumonia (questionable). |
| What were the three big scandals during Harding's administration? | Veteran’s Bureau Scandal, Tea Pot Dome Scandal, Daugherty Scandal |
| What was the Veteran’s Bureau Scandal? | Charles Forbes stole 250,000,000$. Instead of arresting him, Harding told him to take some time off. Forbes escapes to Europe, but is brought back and jailed for two years. |
| What was the Tea Pot Dome Scandal? | Albert Fall gained control of army oil reserves in Wyoming. He sold the reserves to oil companies and made 400,000$. When tried, he was fined 100,000$ and a year in prison. |
| What was the Daugherty Scandal? | Harry Daugherty confiscated a 6,500,000,000$ company (American Metal Company). The Germans wanted the company back, so they bribed Daugherty. Daugherty ends up not being found guilty. |
| Who took over Harding's place in office after he died? | Calvin Coolidge |
| Who did the Republicans nominate for president in the election of 1924? | Calvin Coolidge |
| Who were the two choices for nomination for the Democrats in the election of 1924? | Al Smith and William G. Mackadoo |
| What were the problems with the Democrats choices for president in the election of 1924? | Smith was against the KKK, but also against prohibition. Mackadoo was in support for prohibition, but also in support for the KKK. |
| Who did the Democrats nominate for president in the election of 1924? | Neither Smith or Mackadoo. John W. Davis is nominated. |
| Who does the Progressive Party nominate for president in the election of 1924? | Robert LaFallot |
| Who wins the election of 1924? | Coolidge |
| What was the problem with Coolidge? | He favored businesses too much. |
| How did Coolidge favor businesses? | He had the FTC show business men how to get around laws, had the Commerce Department show businesses how to minimize competition, created the Emergency Tariff of 1921, and taxed rich people less and poor people more. |
| What was the Emergency Tariff of 1921? | It created a tariff on agricultural goods and foreign goods. It was the highest tariff that existed during that time. |
| What were problems with the financial market during Coolidge's term? | The government ends subsidies (assisted pay to business) and new industries form. |
| What happens when the government ends subsidies? | There is a big dip in the economy because there in an increase in speculation (investment without guaranteeing profit) due to banks lending out money for speculation. The increase in speculation increases the top people's income increases by nearly 13%. |
| What are the four main new industries during Coolidge's term? | Automobile, Chemical, Electrical, and Home Products |
| What were the problems with the super corporation during 1929? | Top 200 corporation controlled 20% of the nation's wealth, and 1% of the banks controlled 50% of the nation's wealth. Competition was also getting eliminated. |
| What happened to unions during Coolidge's term? | They were taken down by corporations. |
| What did Bethlehem Steel do to eliminate unions? | They refused to sell steel to companies that supported unions, and wouldn't allow unions even when 95% of their workers wanted them. |
| Whose death caused a decline in leadership for unions? | Samuel Gompers |
| What were farmers problems during Coolidge's term? | Cooperative Marketing and Politics |
| Why was cooperative marketing a problem for farmers during Coolidge's term? | Farmers weren't well organised, so cooperative marketing would never work |
| Why were politics a problem for farmers during Coolidge's term? | The McNairy-Haugin Bills was vetoed twice. |
| What were the McNairy-Haugin Bills? | It set up a balance between prices and sales for agricultural goods. |
| Where were the chief economical and political centers in the 1920s? | Washington D.C. and New York City |
| What does the US government do in the 1920s to help restart the German government? | They reduce foreign debts and send a banker to Germany to restart the economy. |
| What was the Naval Disarmament Conferences? | An international community that cooperated Naval arms control. |
| What were the problems with the Naval Disarmament Conferences in the 1920s? | Japan didn't like the US. |
| What compromise did the Naval Disarmament Conferences make? | A naval holiday which was a 5 power treaty. It limited fortification, decreased war ships, and Hoover gets rid of the Roosevelt Corollary. |
| What were the two immigration restrictions in the 1920s? | Emergency Quota Act and National Origins Act |
| What was the Emergency Quota Act? | It set a quota on foreigners (European). |
| What was the National Origins Act? | It didn't set a quota on Africans and Orientals. |
| Why were there problems for blacks in America during the 1920s? | Migration out of the south, racial violence, first black nationalist movement, and the KKK |
| What was the name given for the migration out of the south? | Chicken Bone Express |
| What were the organizations involved in the black nationalist movement? | Universal Negro Improvement Association, NAACP, and Urban League |
| What did the Universal Negro Improvement Association want? | Blacks to move back to Africa. The leader of the group created his own shipping line and army. |
| Who lead the Universal Negro Improvement Association? | Marcus Garvey |
| What did NAACP stand for? | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| What did NAACP want? | As quoted from their group: "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination". |
| What did the Urban League want? | Housing |
| What was prohibition? | It banned alcoholic products. |
| When did every state have prohibition laws? | 1915 |
| What amendment banned alcohol? | 18th |
| When was the 18th amendment ratified? | 1919 |
| When did the 18th amendment start going into affect? | 1925 |
| What did the 18th amendment directly cause a rise in? | Criminals |
| What was the Volstead Act? | Any drink with more than 0.5% alcohol contained in it is illegal. |
| Who received the Republican nomination in 1928 for presidency? | Herbert Hoover |
| Who received the Democratic nomination is 1928 for presidency? | Al Smith |
| Who won the 1928 presidential elections? | Hoover |
| When did the start market crash? | 1929 |
| What caused the stock market to crash? | People no longer wanted to buy stocks (very brief answer). |
| What were some long term problems that caused the Great Depression? | Consumer spending down in the 20s, 1929 – huge dip in spending, Residential construction is down, Reduction in capital investment, Poor distribution of wealth, Inadequacy of economic thought |
| What were some immediate problems that caused the Great Depression? | Stock market crashed, Banks failed |
| What nickname did Hoover earn during his term? | Do-Nothing-President (cause he was a shitty president) |
| Did Hoover actually do nothing? | No, but he didn't do enough. |
| What are trickle down economics? | Directly aid big businesses to help themselves build up. With the excess of money, the businesses will raises wages and give bonuses. Here is a picture to simulate how it actually works: http://i.imgur.com/Osr49.jpg |
| What did the government want businesses and workers to do during the early stages of the Great Depression? | Businesses don't fire anyone and raise wages, and the unions won't strike. This was unsuccessful. |
| Why did the government's original request on how to end the Great Depression not work? | Businesses didn't want people who weren't laid off to have more money. |
| What does Hoover then do to help the Great Depression? | He funds public projects like roads more. |
| What government group does Hoover create to try and help the Great Depression? | Reconstruction Finance Corporation |
| What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation? | A group that helped distribute 500,000,000$ to corporations in hopes that trickle down economics would work. |
| What Act did Hoover pass to try and help the lower class during the Great Depression? | Emergency Relief and Construction Act |
| What did the Emergency Relief and Construction Act do? | It distributed 300,000,000$ to poor people among the states. Most of the money never made it to the people. |
| What was the Farm Holiday Association? | A group of farmers that held their products until they got the price they wanted. They had very little success. |
| What was the Bonus Army? | All soldiers that served in WW1 were guaranteed money in 1945. |
| What was the Bonus March? | A group of 15,000 soldiers who wanted their money immediately. |
| Did the Bonus Army work? | No. |
| Who did the Republicans nominate in 1932 for presidency? | Herbert Hoover |
| Who did the Democrats nominate in 1932 for presidency? | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Who won the presidential elections in 1932? | Roosevelt |
| Describe Franklin Roosevelt's life before the election of 1932. | Born Rich, Attended Harvard and Columbia for law, Entered politics in 1910, Ran for Vice President in 1920, Elected governor of New York in 1928 |
| What type of people did Franklin Roosevelt put in his cabinet after being elected? | Old Democrats |
| How does Franklin Roosevelt help banks? | He wants all banks to restart. Then, he passes the Emergency Banking Act. |
| What was the Emergency Banking Act? | It only allowed Federal Reserved-approved banks to run in the USA. |
| How successful was the Emergency Banking Act? | On March 15, 1933, 50% of the banks are stable with 90% of the nation's deposit. |
| What was the New Deal? | A series of economic programs passed by Franklin Roosevelt during the Great Depression. |
| What were some topics the New Deal covered? | Monetary inflation and manipulation, Budget Balancing, Deficit and Relief Spending, and Agriculture |
| Describe what "monetary inflation and manipulation" was suppose to do in the New Deal. | The government created more money. This caused a 15% in the dollar's value, but more money was around to distribute. |
| How was budget balancing during the Great Depression? | Not Good |
| What groups were created to help deficit and relief spending? | Civilian Conservation Core (CCC), Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), Civil Works Administration (CWA), Public Works Administration (PWA), Home Owner Loan Corporation (HOLC), and National Recovery Administration (NRA) |
| What did the CCC do? | Put 250,000 men to work on reforestation. They earned 30$ a month, but 25$ went back to their families. |
| What did the FERA do? | Was suppose to be a relief fund for the people, but it didn't work. Eventually dissolved. |
| What did the CWA do? | Was suppose to put writers and artists to work, but failed. |
| What did the PWA do? | Built dams, schools, and bridges. It put millions to work, and was successful. It lasted for 6 years. |
| What did the HOLC do? | They helped middle class families pay for their houses. |
| What did the NRA do? | A little bit of everything. It helped businesses set up fair business practices, no antitrust laws, set minimum wages and hours, etc. Eventually Supreme Court declares the NRA unconstitutional, but it was successful while it lasted. |
| How did the New Deal help agriculture? | It fixed farm mortgages, prices, and production. |
| How did the New Deal fix farm mortgages? | Farm Credit Administration |
| What was the Farm Credit Administration? | An organization that helped farmers get fair deals with mortgages. |
| How did the New Deal fix agricultural prices and production? | Agricultural Adjustment Act |
| What was the Agricultural Adjustment Act? | Limited production and subsidized farm exports |
| What happened to the Agricultural Adjustment Act? | Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. |
| What was the American Liberty League? | A group of Democrats that opposed the New Deal. They were very hostile. |
| Who was Francis Townsend? | He proposed the Townsend Plan. |
| What was the Townsend Plan? | People 60 or older get a pension of 200$ a month. They can't keep the money; they have to spend it that month. |
| How did Roosevelt respond to the Townsend Plan? | He created Social Security. This was a much less generous version of the Townsend Plan. |
| Who was Huey Long? | He proposed the Share Our Wealth Program. |
| What was the Share Our Wealth Program? | It limited how much wealth one could own, and gave families allowances. |
| What three acts passed in 1936 because of the New Deal? | National Labor Relation Act, Social Security Act, Revenue Act of 1935 |
| What was the National Labor Relation Act? | It allowed unions to be formed, and businesses must bargain with the unions. |
| What was the Social Security Act? | It gave old-age pensions and unemployment pensions. |
| What was the Revenue Act of 1935? | It heavily taxed large corporations. |
| What three organizations were formed in 1936 because of the New Deal? | Rural Electrification Authority (REA), Works Progress Administration 0f 1935 (WPA), National Youth Administration (NYA) |
| What did the REA do? | They increased the standard of living for poor people and farmers, and brought electricity into rural areas. It moved farmers to the middle class. |
| What did the WPA do? | It put 8 million people into construction labor. |
| What did the NYA do? | It provided high school and college students with part-time jobs. |
| Who did the Republicans nominate in the election of 1936 for president? | Alfred Lyndon |
| Who did the Democrats nominate in the election of 1936 for president? | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| What type of people voted for Franklin Roosevelt? | Poor people |
| What was the Union Party? | A party created by cranks and crackpots on the left wing. |
| Who lead the Union Party? | Charles E. Coughlin, Townsend, and various others |
| How many votes did Coughlin predict, and how many did they receive? | Coughlin predicted 12 million votes, but only received 1 million |
| What was the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937? | It said Supreme Court judges need to retire by 70, or they can be replaced. |
| Did the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 pass? | No. |
| What was a consequence of trying to pass the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937? | Two conservative justices quit. |
| Who is Francisco Franco? | A Spanish general who started the Spanish Civil War. |
| What did the USA do about Franco? | Nothing |
| Who ended up assisting Franco? | Mussolini and Hitler |
| What was the point of the Spanish Civil War? | To overthrow the Spanish government |
| Was Franco successful? | Yes |
| How did Franklin Roosevelt help himself in the midterm elections of 1938? | He got people to run against those who voted against him and the New Deal. |
| Who was Ed Smith? | One of the Congressmen that won a position in office in 1938 because of Franklin Roosevelt. |
| Why was there a small recession from 1937 to 1938? | Franklin Roosevelt cut his programs temporarily in fear that there was too much inflation. |
| What were the New Deal Acts? | National Housing Act of 1937 and Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 |
| What did the National Housing Act of 1937 do? | It created large amounts of public houses. |
| What did the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 do? | It made the minimum wage 0.4$ per hour. |
| What was the final result of the New Deal? | It brought some relief and some recovery, but it wasn't perfect. It also created more equality. |
| What were the two main organization labors during the Great Depression? | Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and Tennessee Value Authority (TVA) |
| Who ran the CIO? | John L. Lewis |
| Why was the CIO created? | Lewis tried to get the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to open up industrial unionization. When the refused, he created the CIO. |
| Was the CIO successful? | Yes. It got Chrysler and General Motors to unionize. It eventually unionized US Steel in 1941. |
| What was the TVA? | A group that noticed rivers were had to navigate. They wanted to fix that. |
| Were the TVA successful? | Yes. Roosevelt approved of their ideas, and eventually dredged the rivers. This created electricity, created jobs, and improved commerce and recreation. |
| How were jobs for African Americans during the Great Depression? | They were last hired and first fired. |
| Where did African Americans migrate during the 1920s? | From the south, most went west. A few went north. |
| Who was Jesse Owens? | An African American who won the 1936 Olympics, and Hitler refused to shake his hand. |
| Who was Marian Anderson? | An African American opera singer who was suppose to give a concert in Constitution Hall, Washington DC. She was denied access. |
| What were the Communist and Socialist parties like during the Great Depression? | Very weak. |
| Who was Normal Thomas? | An Ex-Presbyterian minister who ran for president multiple times as a Socialist. |
| What was the Popular Front Movement? | Stalin cooperated with the Communists around the world because of the tension caused by Hitler rising to power. Stalin wanted Communists to push their country towards Communism. The movement was anti-Fascist and anti-Nazi, and was generally very weak. |
| What happens to central and southern America during the Great Depression? | The USA slowly pulls their troops out of the areas except for Cuba. |
| Who was the new nationalist leader of China in the 1920s? | Chiang Kai-shek |
| When Japan forcibly takes some of China's land, how does China react? | They plead to the USA and League of Nations for help. |
| How the USA respond to China's plea? | They create the Stimson Doctrine. |
| What was the Stimson Doctrine? | It said any land taken by force from China will not be recognized by the US government. |
| What was the Panay Incident of 1937? | Japan kept pushing into China, and communists and nationalists in China join the movement. Japan bombs civilian populations, and accidentally bombs a US gunboat. |
| What are the Neutrality Acts? | They said the USA doesn't sell armed goods to countries, American ships can't travel near countries of war, and the USA would not loan money to countries. |
| What was the Quarantine Speech? | A speech given by Franklin Roosevelt saying aggressors should be quarantined. |
| What was the Munich Crisis of 1938? | When Hitler started taking over countries, Russia let them have Poland as long as Hitler didn't invade Russia. Russia and Germany then create the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939. |
| What was the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939? | A truce between Russia and Germany. |
| What happens when the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939 goes into effect? | Franklin Roosevelt announces the Neutrality Acts go into effect. |
| When WW2 starts, what does Franklin Roosevelt request from the people? | The United States remain neutral even though they sympathize with the Allies. |
| Does the United States remain neutral? | No, they slowly start to enter the war. |
| What two committees were created in response to WW2? | White Committee and America First Committee |
| What did the White Committee stand for? | Don't get involved in the war, but sell goods to the Allies. |
| What did the America First Committee stand for? | Stay completely out of the war. |
| Who was elected for presidency in 1940? | Franklin Roosevelt |
| What does Franklin Roosevelt create after being elected to office for a third time? | A program that called for a peacetime draft and create the Destroyer-Naval Base Deal. |
| What was the Destroyer-Naval Base Deal? | Gives Churchill 50 US destroyers for naval bases. |
| What was the Lend-Lease Act? | Britian would get weapons, tanks, airplanes, and ammunition from the USA, and would pay it back in goods and services. |
| What is the Atlantic Charter? | A policy Franklin Roosevelt and Churchill signed that decided what would be done after WW2. |
| What causes the USA to repeal its Neutrality Acts? | Germany sinks four US vessels. |
| What does Japan do in 1939 that makes it clear they want more than China? | Japan takes over the Hainan Islands, then parts of Indonesia. |
| What does the USA realize about WW2? | They couldn't stay neutral for long because it was aimed at them. |
| After Japan takes over Indonesia, China, and other southern Asian countries, what do they do with their government? | They reform it to a strong military government. |
| Who becomes the Prime Minister of Japan? | General Tojo |
| What does Japan do after the USA refuses to give into their demands? | They attack Pearl Harbor. |
| What countries declare war after the attack on Pearl Harbor? | Italy and Germany |
| Though Franklin Roosevelt wins office for a fourth term, why is his last term not very successful? | The Republicans now control Congress. |
| What economical advantage does the USA have over the Axis powers at the beginning of the war? | They have produced more weapons and wartime goods than any Axis powers. |
| What was the War Production Board? | A government agency dedicated to making weapons and wartime goods. It gave a lot of people jobs. |
| What was the benefits of labor during the war? | Little need to strike, and lots of money made for those who worked. |
| What was the War Labor Board? | A federal agency dedicated to labor during WW2. |
| How did the agricultural industry benefit during WW2? | There was a lot of need for food, especially in Britian. |
| What was the biggest scientific advancement during WW2? | The Atomic Bomb |
| What was the Manhattan Project? | A program that researched and developed the first atomic bomb. |
| Who lead the Manhattan Project? | J. Robert Oppenheimer |
| What was the Office of Public Information? | An organization created in order to inform people about the happenings of WW2. It sucked balls. |
| Franklin Roosevelt rounded up the Japanese during WW2 and sent them to relocation centers in which states? | Arkansas, Wyoming, and Idaho |
| What country eventually becomes the priority country to defeat for the Allies? | Germany |
| What did Germany do that caused them to lose WW2? | They invaded Russia. |
| What does the USA force General Eisenhower to do? | Take out all Nazis located in Northern Africa. |
| How many German divisions in Northern Africa do Britain and the USA take out? | Fifteen |
| What two important decisions were made by Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at the Casablanca Conference? | Germany must surrender unconditionally, and the USA would invade from Northern Africa to Germany until Germany surrendered. |
| What happens when the USA and Britain hit Italy? | Italy has a revolutions and overthrows Mussolini. |
| What does Russia do in response to Germany attacking them? | Russia pushes back, and Allies start winning. |
| What happened at the Moscow Conference (1943)? | Churchill meets with Russian officials to decide a new international organization. |
| What do we do with our B-17 Bombers during WW2? | We start to use long range bombing. We lose 85,000 pilots in the process. |
| What was D-Day? | The day the Allies decide to invade France and liberate Paris. |
| What was the battle called that occured on D-Day? | Battle of the Bulge |
| Who won the Battle of the Bulge? | Allies |
| What happened at the Yalta Conference? | Russia promises East Europe democracy. |
| How successful is democracy in East Europe? | It never happens. |
| When do the Germans surrender? | April/May 1945 |
| Who fought the Battle of the Java Sea? | Japan and the USA |
| Who won the Battle of the Java Sea? | Japan |
| What happens when the USA starts using aircrafts against Japan? | They slow them down and gain a small advantage. |
| Who won the Battle of Midway Island? | The USA, with Japan losing 4 carriers. |
| What happened when the Navy traveled through the Philippians? | They suffered massive casualties. |
| What happened at the Battle of Leyte Gulf? | Japan started using kamikaze pilots. |
| Who won the Battle of Leyte Gulf? | Japan |
| How does the USA take the Japanese islands? | B-29 airplanes and firebombs |
| How many troops did the USA lose in WW2? | 470,000 |
| How many troops did Britain lose in WW2? | Over 1,000,000 |
| How many troops did China lose in WW2? | 2,200,000 |
| How many troops did Russia lose in WW2? | 7,500,000 |
| How many troops did Germany lose in WW2? | 3,500,000 |
| How many troops did Japan lose in WW2? | 1,700,000 |
| Who took over office when Franklin Roosevelt died? | Harry S. Truman |
| What was the Maximum Employment Act? | The president must report to Congress about the state of the economy. |
| What was the National Security Act? | It started the Department of Defense and the CIA. |
| How much was accomplished during Truman's administration? | Very little other than arguing. |
| What was the point of the Americans for Democratic Action? | Look for a replacement for Truman. |
| What happened during the Liberal Labor Block? | Laborers don't like Truman's labor laws, and many strikes occur. When a large railroad strike occurs, Truman takes over the railroads. |
| How does Truman gain popularity with the people during the 1948 elections? | Helps the Liberal Labor Block by placing liberals into office, Ends segregation in military, and recognizes Israel to get the Jewish vote. |
| What was the Taft-Hartley Act? | A law that hindered the power of labor unions. |
| Who won the presidential election of 1948? | Truman |
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