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PhosphateQuestions I

Quiz Phosphate Questions Chapter 17 Lewis p. 318

QuestionAnswer
Phosphorus is a primary anion in the ICF or ECF? ICF
Phosphorus is essential to the function of what? 1. Muscle 2. RBC 3. Nervous System
Phosphorus is deposited with calcium for what structure? Bone and tooth structure
What other involvement does phosphorus have? 1. Acid base buffering system 2. Mitochondrial energy production (ATP) 3.Cellular uptake and use of glucose 4. Metabolism of CHO, proteins and fat
Maintenance of normal phosphate balance requires what? Adequate renal functioning because the kidneys are the major route of phosphate excretion. A small amount is loss in feces
Phosphorus has a reciprocal relationship with which electrolyte? Calcium. High phosphate serum level tend to cause low calcium serum level
What are the normal values for phosphate? 2.4 mg/dL – 4.4 mg/dL
Name the two types of potassium imbalances and give the numerical value 1. Hypophosphatemia is less than (<) 2.4 mg/dL 2. Hyperphosphatemia is greater than (>) 4.4 mg/dL
What is the MAJOR condition that can lead to hyperphosphatemia? Acute or chronic renal failure that results in an altered ability of the kidneys to excrete phosphate
What are other causes that can lead to hyperphosphatemia? 1. Chemotherapy for certain malignancies (lymphomas). 2. Excessive ingestion of milk or phosphate containing laxative 3. Large intake of Vitamin D that increase GI absorption of phosphates
Clinical manifestations of hyperphosphatemia primarily relate to what? Metastatic calcium-phosphate precipitates
Ordinarily calcium and phosphate are deposited ONLY in: Bone
When there is an increase serum phosphate along with calcium precipitates readily, what occurs? Calcified deposits can occur in soft tissues such as joints, arteries, skin, kidneys and corneas
What are other manifestations of hyperphosphatemia? Neuromuscular irritability and tetany, which are related to the low serum calcium levels often associated with high serum phosphate levels
Management of hyperphosphatemia is aimed at: Identifying and treating the underlying cause
Give some examples of how to manage hyperphosphatemia: 1. Ingestion of foods and fluids high in phosphorus (i.e. diary products) should be restricted. 2. Adequate hydration and correction of hypocalcemic conditions can enhance the renal excretion of phosphate through action of PTH
What happens to the level of phosphorous in the kidney as serum calcium level increases? It causes renal excretion of phosphorus
What measures need to be taken with patients with renal failure? Reduce serum phosphate levels including calcium supplements, phosphate binding agents or gels and dietary phosphate restriction.
Hypophosphatemia (low serum phosphate) is seen in patient who are: 1. Malnourished or has a malabsorption syndrome 2. Alcohol withdrawals 3. Use of phosphate binding antacids 4. Parenteral nutrition with inadequate phosphorus replacement
Most clinical manifestations of hypophosphatemia relate to a deficieney of: Cellular ATP or 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), an enzyme in RBC’s that facilitate oxygen delivery to the tissues
Because phosphorus is needed for formation of ATP and 2,3-DPG, its deficit results in: Impaired cellular energy and oxygen delivery
True or False Mild to moderate hypophosphatemia is often asymptomatic. True
Severe hypophosphatemia may be what? Fatal because of decreased cellular function
Acute symptoms of hypophosphatemia include: 1. CNS depression 2. Confusion 3. Other mental changes
Other manifestations of hypophosphatemia include: 1. Muscle weakness and pain 2. Dysrhythmias 3. Cardiomyopathy
The management of MILD hypophosphatemia: 1. Oral supplement (e.g. Neutra-Phos) 2. Ingestion of foods high in phosphours (e.g. dairy products)
The management of SEVERE hypophosphatemia: IV administration of sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate. FREQUENT monitoring of serum phosphate levels is necessary to guide IV therapy
Sudden symptomatic hypocalcemia, secondary to increased calcium phosphorus binding is a: Potential complication of IV phosphorus administration
Created by: Brainiacs
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