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1409 Cardio Blueprin
1409 Cardio Blueprint
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Provides a means for measuring fluid pressures in the chambers of the heart and collecting blood samples to analyze the O2 and CO2 content. | Cardiac Catheterization |
| A catheter is advanced into the vascular system and dye is injected into the hearts veins, arteries, and vessels to check for | damages or blockages. |
| Cardiac Catheterization Guidelines | NPO after MN; Assess for allergies to iodine, radiographic dye, and latex; IVF's; Consent for procedure; Sedation |
| Cardiac Catheterization Post Care Guidelines | Rest for the next 3 days, avoid heaviy lifting or sports; Do not drive or climb stairs for 24 hours; Do not take a tub bath until puncture is healed; Change bandage Q24H; Notify Doc if pain or swelling becomes severe; Call 911 if bleeding. |
| Cardiac Glycosides (digoxin/Lanoxin) do what? | Increase CO by slowing HR and strengthening the force of contractions. |
| Left sided Heart failure is a major cause of | right sided heart failure |
| Right Sided failure occurs when blood returning from the body meets | resistance. Pressure increases and leads to peripheral edema. Edema also occurs around the spleen, liver, and abdomen. If not corrected, death will occur. |
| Nursing Considerations for Cardiac Glycosides (digoxin/Lanoxin).. | Monitor pulse rate for 60 seconds before each dose, withhold if pulse is <60 or >120 beats/minute. Provide dietary sources of potassium. |
| Signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure | weakness, ascites, weight gain, N/V, dysrhythmias, elevated central venous pressure, jugular vein distention. |
| Digitalis Toxicity is evidenced by | loss of appetite, N/V, rapid, slow or irregular heart rate, or sudden disturbance in color vision. Low serum potassium levels are also a sign. |
| Protein involved in contractility of muscles | Troponin |
| One of the three enzymes used to diagnose cardiac disease | Troponin |
| Troponin is specific to the heart - it is released after | myocardial infarction and increases in 4-6 hours from onset of s/s and peaks in 14-18 hrs. will return to normal in 7 days. |
| If Right side of heart backs up, the blood can't drain from the jugulars, Sit patient up 45 degrees and | assess the amount of distention |
| Diet for heart failure patients | Limit sodium and fat intake |
| Decrease work of heart by promoting excretion of sodium and water, thus reducing circulating blood volume... | Diuretics! Lasix |
| When using Diuretics be sure to monitor/replace | Potassium! |
| Coumadin Antidote | Vitamin K |
| Thrombolytic Therapy actually dissolves | blood clots. |
| There is an increased risk for what during thrombolytic therapy? | Bleeding and hemorrhage. |
| If thrombolytics are administered within the first 2 hours after the onset of symptoms a MI can be greatly | minimized. |
| Drugs such as streptokinase and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) dissolve the thrombus occluding the coronary artery, restoring oxygenated blood circulation to the myocardium | Thrombolytic therapy |
| Side effects of Thrombolytic Therapy (alteplase, r-TPA) | Cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, bleeding at venous or arterial access sites, N/V |
| What is a DVT? | Presence of a clot in one of the deep veins rather than in superficial vessels. Veins commonly affected are the femoral, popliteal, and small calf veins. |
| Risk Factors of DVT | Decreased cardiac output, bedrest or immobility, surgery on people>40 years of age, leg trauma, Previouis venous insufficiency, Obesity, Birth control pills (esp. with smoking), Infected iv sites and irritating meds, indwelling central lines. |
| Virchows Triad (also DVT Risk Factor) what is included? | Stasis of blood, Damage to vessel walls, Hypercoagulability (easy clotting) |
| Rheumatic fever | Systemic inflammatory idsease that sometimes follows a group A streptococcal infection of the throat. |
| Rheumatic Carditis | Refers to the inflammatory cardiac manifestations of rheumatic fever in either the acute or later stage. |
| Ascites | swollen belly |
| Rheumatic carditis symptoms are induced by | antibodies formed to destroy the group A strep microorgs. Antibodies react to connective tissue in the heart, joints, |
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy s/s | Fatigue, leg swelling, constant SOB |
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy s/s | syncope |
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy s/s | Hypatomegaly, Ascites (swollen belly) |
| 1st sign of aortic valve regurgitation | tachycardia, notify Dr. if greater than 120 |
| How to detect abdominal aneurysm | you will hear a pulsating mass near the umbilicus |
| Primary pericarditis s/s | pain in anterior portion of heart. |
| Valve cusps become fibrotic and calicfy causing narrowing of the opening puts the LV under stress. Caused by congenital malformation or rheumatic fever, syphilis, or aging | Aortic Valve Stenosis |
| Firbosis and thickening of aortic cusps that can not close tight which renders the valve unable to keep blood flowing in one direction. Valve becomes incompetent. | Aortic Valve Regurgitation |
| Aortic Valve Regurgitation S/S | As long as LV can maintain adequate CO, no S/S. Early Signs: angina, dizziness, confusion Late Signs: fatigue, dyspnea, ascites, widened pulse pressure, S3S4 Sounds, Flushed Skin... |
| Abdomen is the most common site of | aneurysm |
| How do you do a PTCA | Balloon tipped cath is advanced into peripheral artery into coronary arteries. Balloon inflated with CO2 to open up narrowed artery. |
| Raynaud's Disease | More common in Women. Periodic constriction of the arteries that supply the extremities. |
| What is an aneurysm? | outpouching of arterial wall caused by weakness and stretching of the arterial wall. |
| Nitroglycerin | antianginal/ vasodilator / 3x every 5 min for 15 min. Complaints of HA. |
| What do vasodilators do? | increase stroke volume by reducing afterload. Reduces preload by dilating blood vessels. |
| Thrombolytic Therapy Side Effect | Increases risk for hemorrhage |
| Main risk of DVT | Othropedic procedures |
| Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic carditis causes | inflammation of all layers of the heart |
| Troponin is a protein that is specific to | the heart. |
| Troponin is involved in the | contractility of muscle. It is one of three enzymes, that if elevated indicates cardiac disease (damage). |
| people with chronic kidney disease are at risk for | cardiac catheter complications |
| Coumadin Pt. teaching | monitor for bleeding, tell them to use soft toothbrush, avoid green leafy veg which contain a lot of Vit. K. |
| Assessing Edema | Get weight upon admission and daily at the same time and same scale. This would be best inication of fluid balance. |
| Pitting edema is | excessive fluid volume in interstitial space in areas affected by gravity (compare sides) |
| Low Cholesterol Diet Foods | Oatmeal, fruits, veggies, whole grains |
| Infective carditis | Inflammation of the inner layer of heart tissue as a result of an infections microorganism. |
| Mitral valve replacement uses a what to replace the human valve | pig valve |
| Thrombophlebitis | Inflammation of a vein accompanied by a clot or thrombus formation. |
| Buergers disease S/S | Intermittent claudication, leg pain'/cramps after exercise, rest pain, skin color, cold tingling extremities, cold sensitivity, mottling, absent or decreased pulses, Pulse may be weak with or without activity. |
| Number ONE Treatment of Buergers Disease | STOP SMOKING!!! YAY!! |
| What disease is more common in men? | Buergers Disease |
| Buerger Allen Exercise | Move posititions and extend legs and feet periodically. |
| Pericarditis | Inflammation of the pericardium, can be primary disease or secondary. can be acute or chronic, can occur with or without effusion. Fluid build up between pericardium and epicardium. |
| What to monitor during diuretic treatment | I/O, weight, and watch potassium levels |
| Medical treatment of aortic regurgitation | Prophylactic antibiotics, LV hypertrophy, digoxin, diuretics, beta blockers, decrease demand on heart |
| surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation | aortic valve replacelemt, preferably done before dmg occurs |
| What is Mitral Valve Prolapse | One or both leaflets enlargers and protrudes into the LA during systole. |
| Administering beta blockers | All beta blockers end in -olol / make sure apical pulse is >60, Decrease the consumption of myocardial O2, Slow down HR |
| Skin assessment of pt with poor circulation | pedal pulse, capillary refill, and skin color |
| Prepping pt for angiocardiography | Must be NPO 3 hours before procedure |
| Echocardography measures | the ejection fracture - How much the heart is pushing out, will also show abnormalities and structures. |
| How to avoid the Valsalva Manuever and why | To help avoid straining during BM increase fluid and fiber intake. VM after MI can cause pulse and BP to increase and cause death. |
| MI S/S | Chest pain/pressure which would radiate down the left arm, shoulder, back, or up jaw. , pain not relieved with rest or NTG, Paleness with diaphoresis, NV, dyspnea, hypotension, tachycardia, |
| MI Treatment | O2, NTG, Analgesics, Vasodialators, Beta blockers, Diuretics, sedatives, anticoags, antidysrhthms |
| HOW IS a CABG performed | Healthy leg/chest artery used to bypass blocked artery to reroute oxygenated blood. Midsternal incision done to expose chest wall and interla organ. Heart is stopped during surgery body blood supply circulated by heartlung machine |
| Minimally invasive CABG | Small anterior thoracic incision. Internal mammary artery used. Done on beating heart. Once graft is complete blood is rewarmed and blood returned to hearts circulation. 3-5 days hospitalization. |
| PVD pt teaching | need to wear non-restrictive clothing to promote good blood flow. |
| What is an MI | area of tissue that dies from lack of oxygen. Occurs when there is prolonged total occlusion of coronary arterial blood flow. |
Created by:
christinego
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