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BA240 cell adapted
GRCC BA240 cell adaption
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atrophy | same number of cells that decrease in size |
| hypertrophy | same number of cells that increase in size |
| hyperplasia | increase number of cells resulting in enlarged tissue mass |
| dysplasia | abnormal change in size, shape and organization |
| metaplasia | replacement of one mature cell by another; transformation from normal to abnormal cells |
| which cell adaption is reversible if you stop the bad habit? | metaplasia |
| ana | cancer |
| anaplasia | cells without form; abnormal with poor differentiation, loss of organization, varied nuclear size and shape |
| aplasia | failure of tissue/organ to form more cells/or specialized feature (cleft palate) |
| neoplasm | new growth tumor |
| cause of atrophy | nutritional deficiency, aging, decreased neuro or hormonal stimulation. |
| examples of atrophy | disuse due to fracture- limb is casted and immobile for weeks leading to shrinkage of muscles |
| cause of hypertrophy | additional work, increased demands, excess hormonal stimulation |
| example of hypertrophy | cardiomegaly - increased heart size and decrease functionality |
| cause of hyperplasia | occurs mainly in estrogen dependent organs (uterus and breast) |
| examples of hyperplasia: pregnancy | Compensatory/hormonal breasts and uterus enlarge |
| examples of hyperplasia: pathological imbalance | causes by abnormal proliferation of normal cells |
| examples of hyperplasia: endometrial | excessive menstrual bleeding which can then undergo malignant cell transformation. |
| examples of hyperplasia: bronchial epithelial (compensatory) | The morphology of the changes that occur in the development of long cancer. |
| What causes endometrial hyperplasia? | The overgrowth of the endometrium as a result of overstimulation of estrogen- which leads to excessive bleeding. |
| Examples of hyperplasia: prostatic | Enlarged prostate in aging men. |
| What is the most dangerous of cellular adaption? | dysplasia |
| dys= | bad |
| Causes of dysplasia | chronic irritation or infection. |
| What happens if someone has chronic irritation or an infection such as HSV-2 or HPV? | could lead to precancerous changes in the cervical- which are poorly differentiated cells. |
| What causes metaplasia? | chronic irritation of a tissue (i.e. smoking or GERD) |
| Esophogeal metaplasia | due to gerd that leads to Barretts which could lead to esophogeal cancer. |
| Bronchial metaplasia | due to smoking, lung tissue changes from ciliated columnar epi to stratified squamos....could lead to lung cancer if thing causing the change doesn't stop' |
| The failure of cells to differentiate or develop specialized features | anaplasia |
| A term used to grade malignant tumors | anaplastic tumor of skeletal muscle |
| a = | no |
| causes of aplasia | cancer, radiation, medications or toxic chemicals |
| example of aplasia | aplastic anemia; failure of bone marrow to produce rbc &wbc |
| Neoplasm can be either | malignant or benign tumor |
| what are characteristics of a neoplasm | abnormal excessive growth, no useful function, uncontrolled growth, cell continue to grow on own, |
| how is neoplasm characterized as parasitic? | growth of tumor is activated; acquired by blood from host and own cells compete with host cells for nutrients. |
| example of parasitic neoplasm | karposi sarcoma as it is AIDS related skin cancer. |
| Most benign neoplasms names end in | -oma, except melanocyte and that is called benign pigmented nevus |
| Most malignant neoplasms names end in | -sarcoma, -cinoma, -noma, except glioblastoma multiforme |
| Characteristics of benign neoplasm: is it expansive or invasive? | expansive |
| Characteristics of malignant neoplasm: is it localized or metastasize? | metastasize |
| The characteristic of this neoplasm is that it is encapsulated. | benign; malignant has no capsule |
| Which neoplasm compresses structures? | benign |
| which neoplasm destroys structures? | malignant |
| Does malignant neoplasm grow fast or slow? | fast. the other grows slow |
| Which neoplasm resembles the tissue? | benign; there is no resemblance in tissue if it is malignant |
| if there is no resemblance of tissue? | then it is malignant and refered as anaplasia |
| Do benign and malignant have normal cell production? | Only benign. Malignant goes through abnormal mitosis. |
| Do both neoplasms cause pain? | Mainly malignant is severe pain, benign is rare pain. |
| what is cachexia | wasting away- term used when someone has a malignant tumor and they lost a bunch of weight |
| which has little effect on nutrition? | benign |
| which neoplasm is cureable? | benign and cured by excision. |
| is there a cure for malignant? | not sure...excision may not be effective. |
| which causes death? | malignant increases risk of death, but you can die from benign if it compresses against other organs. |
Created by:
Wends1984
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