Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
bi240 cell injury
grcc bi 240 cell injury
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are most diseases started? | with cell injury |
| How does cell injury occur? | if it can't maintain homeostasis. |
| Can injured cells recover? | they may or may not recover, they may die...it really depends. |
| How many causes lead to cell injury | FATMANCOP- 9 |
| F of fatmancop | fluid imbalance due to lyte imbalance or dehydration leads to cell injury |
| A of fatmancop | Autoimmune- body's ability to attack itself (i.e. lupus) leads to cell injury |
| T of fatmancop | Thermal as heat/cold or radiation can injur cells (think of boiling an egg)leads to cell injury |
| M of fatmancop | Mechanical damage due to physical stress, membrane rupture due to crush injury leads to cell injury |
| 2d A of fatmancop | accumalation of wastes due to a build up of waste metabolytes or toxic materials leads to cell injury |
| N of fatmancop | nutritional deficits due to starvation, lack of essential nutrients or enzyme cofactors leads to cell injury |
| C of fatmancop | chemical- exposure to toxins or foreign substances leads to cell injury |
| O of fatmancop | Oxygen deprivation due to hypoxia, hypoxemia or ischemia leads to cell injury |
| P of fatmancop | Pathogens such as a virus or bacteria that can injure cells leads to cell injury |
| Which is programmed cell death? | apoptosis |
| apoptosis | the normal occurence in the body where a cell dies |
| How do cells self destruct (apoptosis) | digest themselves enzymatically then they disintgrate |
| what is normal apoptosis? | development of tissues/organs such as embryogenesis or reduction of WBC's following an infection. |
| What is pathologic apoptosis? | a degenerative disease that leads to cell death |
| examples of pathologic apoptosis | Parkinsons, ALS, Huntington, Alzheimers |
| When a cell dies due to injury or trauma | necrosis |
| with necrosis, the progression of cell death begins with injury or trauma, then | cell swells and then lysis |
| liquefaction necrosis | is common in the brain |
| examples of liquefaction necrosis | brain infarctions or cavitary TB |
| Liquefaction necrosis- dead cells liquefy due to Bacterial infection which releases enzymes that develop a cavity in brain tissue | Neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes that liquify living tissue forming and abscess |
| coagulative necrosis | cell proteins denature (like hard boiled eggs)preventing autolysis |
| coagulative necrosis found in which organs | kidneys, heart and adrenal gland |
| causes of coagulative necrosis | ischema, hypoxia or chemical injury |
| example of coagulative necrosis | area of MI results in scar tissue. |
| Fat necrosis | Lipases breakdown fatty tissue into fatty acids and glycerol |
| fat necrosis commonly occurs where? | breast, pancreas, and abdominal structures. |
| fat necrosis example | acute pancreatitis where enzymes are released into abd cavity resulting in chalky white deposits in fat cells. |
| caseous necrosis | tissue architecture lost ("say cheese") |
| Common cause of caseous necrosis | TB |
| Caseous necrosis is a combination of liquificative necrosis and coagulation | Dead cells disintegrate but debris is not digested completely by hydrolases |
| Caseous necrosis- what are the Dead cells made of that disintegrate but debris is not digested completely by hydrolases | produced by bacterial and fungal infections. |
| What does caseous necrosis look like or what forms? | Thick yellow "clumped cheese" substance forms |
| What is found inside TB granulomas? | it is a mass containing macrophages and lymphocytes, covered by CT then it goes undergoes liquefaction. |
| gangrene | A form of necrosis caused by ischemia, bacterial invasion and putrefacation (foul smelly matter) |
| Gangrene is caused by | severe hypoxia to an extremity due to extreme cold or artherosclerosis. |
| putrefacation smelling includes | ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans due to decay of proteins. |
| Wet (true) gangrene | Develops when neutrophils invade site & cause liquefactive necrosis |
| Were does wet (true) gangrene occur | unsually internal organs. Example gangrenous appendicitis |
| What happens to wet gangrene site | site becomes cold, swollen, black and foul smelling. |
| Dry gangrene | usually result of coagulative necrosis |
| What happens if dry gangrene sets in | skin becomes dry and shrinks, turns black/brown |
| Causes of dry gangrene | DM and frostbite |
| Gas gangrene | caused by species of clostridium which is an anaerobic bacteria that produces enzymes and toxins. |
| What does gas gangrene do? | Destroyes connective tissue and RBC cell membranes are destroyed, and gass bubbles are produced in muscle cells. |
| Gas gangrene results | could lead to shock or death |
| Treatment for gas gangrene | antitoxins and oxygens- hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
| Infarction | areas of cells die due to lack of oxygen |
| Hypoxic injury | Lack of oxygenated blood in the heart, or any part of the body |
| What happens in an infarction? | Scar tissue replaces dead tissue. |
| what happens in an mi | hypoxia- decrease in ATP - anaerobic glycolisis- lactic acid production - decrease pH - protein synthesis suppressed - decreased Na and K pump- lytes not regulated- organelles swell. |
| What are the metabolic/morphologic changes | Cell death- releases of lysosomal enzymes into surrounding tissue causing inflammation that could lead to cell destruction. |
| What is released from necrotic cells & diffuses into blood and can provide clues as to the location of damaged cells | enzymes |
| complications of excessive tissue damage | arrythmias, cardiogenic shock, chf, rupture of necrotic tissue, thromboembolism. |
Created by:
Wends1984
Popular Nursing sets