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Pharm Chapter 9
Anti-Infective drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bactericidal; prevents bacteria from forming cell walls | Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor Actions |
| Allergic reactions common N/V, fever, chills, "red man syndrome", reduced hearing, reduced renal function | Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor Side effects |
| CNS changes renal damage Seizures | Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor Adverse reactions |
| Take cephalosporins at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after iron or antacids | Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor Patient teachings |
| Slows protein synthesis, preventing bacteria from performing processes essential to their life cycles | Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Actions |
| Aminoglycosides: vomiting, rash, fever, lethargy, Macrolides: N/V/D, loss of appetite, photosensitivity Tetracyclines: N/V/D, photosensitivity yeast infe | Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Side effects |
| Aminoglycosides: oto-renal toxicity, neuromuscular blockade Macrolides: SERIOUS drug reactions Tetracyclines: Increased ICP Clindamycin: decreased LF, WBC Linezolid: reduced blood cell count, optic nerve damage | Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Adverse reactions |
| Aminoglycosides: check breathing, labs, hearing Macrolides: other meds, IV eMycin within 8 hours dilution Tetracyclines: food, antacids, dairy decreases absorption | Protein Synthesis Inhibitors **Check before giving:** |
| Aminoglycosides: hearing, temp, I/O, labs (BUN & Creatine) Macrolides: HR & rhythm q 4 hours Tetracyclines: if on coumadin, check for bleeding Linezolids: BP | Protein Synthesis Inhibitors **Check after giving:** |
| Macrolids: take with food avoid sun exposure Tetracyclines: avoid sun exposure 1 hour before or 2 hours after food; don't take with milk Linezolids: no food with tyr | Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Patient teachings: |
| Side effects: headache, fever, skin rash, photosensitivity | Metabolism Inhibitor Side effects |
| Adverse effects: Suppresion of bone marrow cell division, Stevens-Johnson syndrome | Metabolism Inhibitor Adverse effects |
| Check for: Sulfa allergies, blood disorders, lab tests (CBC, BUN, LFTs) | Metabolism Inhibitors **Check before** |
| Check for: Jaundice, bruising, petechiae, blisters | Metabolism Inhibitors **Check After** |
| Avoid sunlight, take with full glass of water, drink plenty of water to prevent crystalluria | Metabolism Inhibitor Patient teachings |
| Inhibits production of DNA, preventing bacterial reproduction usually considered broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs | DNA Synthesis Inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones |
| rash, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, dizziness, change in taste | DNA Synthesis Inhibitor Side effects |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias, neurotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, BGM changes, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy | DNA Synthesis Inhibitors Adverse effects |
| HR & rhythm q 4 hours | DNA Synthesis Inhibitors Check After: |
| take with full glass of water, increase fluids throughout the day; check pulse BID, check bGM more often; STOP taking if tendon or joint pain or swelling noted | DNA Synthesis Inhibitors Patient teachings |
| Not recommended for those under 18 years old Avoid use in pregnant/breastfeeding women Tendon rupture common in older adults | DNA Synthesis Inhibitors Life Span Considerations |
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