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11icp
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| histamine | chmcl bdy makes causes inflmmtn respnse; released during injry smth ms/vascular sys increase bld flow |
| antihistamine | relieve effcts histamine on bdy organs/strctures |
| action antihstamine | blck action of histamine by cmptng c H1 rcptr site so limit vasodilation/reduce edema; limit acetylcholine=dry effect n seditive |
| uses of antihistamine | sar, perennial allergic rhinitis, perennial nonallergic rhinitis; snzing,stfnss, postnasal drip; to sleep |
| interactions antihistmines | sedative effcts incrse c cns deprrnts; strngthn anticcholinergic of MAO/antdprssnts; ototoxic effects masked; decrease crtcstrds/hrmes |
| examples antihistamines | brompheniramine, diphenhydramine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, lortadine |
| other uses of anithistamines | hives, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, reactions to plasma or blood |
| anthistamine adverse rxn | htn, hypotension,tachycardia, blurred vision, drowsiness, excitation, sedation, tinnitus, anorexia, constipation, nausea,vomitting, painful urination, urticaria, nasal congestion |
| drug interactions of antihistamine | sedative effect increases with cns depressents(hypnotics,seditives, tranqulizers, depressant analgesics,alcohol); strengthen effects of MAO adntricyclic depressants; ototoxic efffects masked; decrease effect corticosteriods and hormones |
| antihistamine teaching | give with milk,meals to limit gi effects; orally so well absorbed; check for rebound effect; tolerance, stop using for 48 hr if test for allergies, |
| alkylamines are | brompheniramine-Dimetapp; chlorpheniramine; dexchlorpheniramine-Polaramine |
| ethanolamines | diphehydramine-Benadryl,Genahist,Diphenhist, Banophen |
| antihistamines and elderly | check for dyskinesia,tremor,confusion,dizziness, extrapyramidal reactions |
| piperidines-for sar/pnar | loratadine-Claritin, fexofenadine-Allegra, cetirizine-Zyrtec |
| antitussives | relieve overactive/nonproductive coughing, narcotic acts centrally on cough center in brain and nonnarcotic acts peripherally by anesthetizing stretch receptors in resp tract n act localy to soothe irritatd areas in throught |
| antitussives adverse rxn | constipation,drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea(make pt lay down), postural hypotension |
| antitussive interactions | additive effect with CNS depressants and increase effects of aspirin |
| narcotic antitussives exmples | codeine, hydrocodone-Hycodan |
| nonnarcotic antitussives | benzonatate-tessalon perles, dextromethorphan-Vicks Formula 44,Robitussin,Benylim |
| asthma prevention med action | cromolyn slows destruction sensitized mast cells-prevents release of phospholipase |
| cromolyn/ nedocromil sodium | for managing bronchial asthma for prophylaxis, bronchospasm,chronic urticaria,ddermatitis, allergic rhinitis |
| adverse rxn to cromolyn/nedorcromil | dizziness, HA,vertigo,rash,nausea,bad mouth taste,dysuria,bronchospasm,cough,nasal congestion,, anaphylaxis, swollen parotid glands |
| drug interactions to cromolyn/nedorcromil | none reported |
| cromolyn/nedorcromil implement | inhaled because ineffective orally, 2 inhalations X 4 daily; improvement within 4 weeks |
| cromolyn/nedorcromil teach | cromolyn-clear airway of mucous before taking med,must be daily, ween off, rinse and gargle after dose, use brnchdltr first then med; nedorcromil-press 3 times b4 1st use & repeat if unused for 7 days; regular intervals daily |
| bronchodilators | relax smooth muscles to open the bronchi for air passage; includes sympathomimetics and xanthines |
| sympathomimetics | are betaadrenergic agents that dilate bronchi through beta adrenergic receptors aka adrenergic stimulants |
| xanthines | directly relax smooth ms cells of bronchi, dilating/opening bronchi up |
| sympathomimetics action | stimulate beta2 rcptrs & alphaadrenergic rcptrs which causes vasoconstriction response 2 all bdy- bld vessels of bronchial mucosa so theres less mucus/submucosal edema & b receptors to increase hr and hearts contractions |
| sympathomimetics bronchodilators use | used for relief of bronchospasm during acute & chronic asthma/bronchitis and COPD/emphysema |
| sympathomimetics bronchodilator adverse rxns | dysrhythmias,hypotension,tachycardia,anorexia,anxiety, HA,insomnia,nausea,pallor,polyuria,restlessness,vomiting,weakness, |
| sympathomimetics effects are increased with | thyroid drugs,antidepressants(MAO/tricyclics),antihistamines,amphetamines |
| causes dysrthythmias if sympathomimetics are taken with | digitalis or diuretics, or general anesthetics |
| sympathomimetics effects blocked if | pt takes nonselective beta blockers & beta adrenergic blockers(propranolol) |
| caution sympathomimetics with what pts | pt with cardio,endocrine, or convulsive disorders |
| sympathomimetics implementation | parenterally,oral, oral inhalation(nebulizers/meter dosed inhalers MDI; protect from light,check bp/ pulse ;refractoriness |
| sympathomimetics carefully monitor for | preventing tachycardia,decreased/increased bpm nausea, ha, cns symptoms |
| xanthine derivatives action | bronchodilator relaxes smooth muscle cells in bronchi & blood vessels in lungs; kidneys produce diuresis; increase rate of breathing,metabolism release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla |
| xanthin uses | treat bronchospasm in chronic bronchial asthma,bronchitis, emphysema, neonatal apnea; acute pulumonary edema |
| xanthin adverse reactions | dsyrhythmias,flushing,hyptension,tachycardia,ha,insomnia,restlessness,diarrhea,epigastric pain, nausea,vomiting, rash |
| xanthin od rxns | resp failure, shock, extreme thirst,delirum,hyperthermia--death |
| xanthin interactions |
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morenachubs
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