Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NURS 350 patho
Nervous system/brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| from which vertebrae does the sympathetic ns emerge | T1 - L2 |
| from where does the parasympathetic ns emerge | Cranial nerves III, VII,IX and X spinal nerves S2,3,4 |
| what are the names of cranial nerves III, VII and IX and X | oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus |
| what are the support cells of CNS | astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal |
| what are support cells of PNS | astrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia, ependymal cells |
| function of astrocytes - tradtional | contacts between neurons and vessels, form BBB, transport waste and nutrients, scar forming cells of CNS |
| function of astrocytes - recent | critical role in neuron development/survival, plasticity, mediate neuron recovery (scar tissue CNS), antioxidant defense, tight junctions in BBB |
| what cell function is usually aletered in most brain pathologies | astroctye |
| function of oligodendrocytes | CNS myelin sheath, neurilemma |
| function of Schwann cells | PNS myelin sheath, neurilemma |
| function of microglia | phagocytic cellular debris |
| function of ependymal cells | line ventricles/choroid plexuses --> CSF |
| What types of nervous tissue can possibly be repaired | PNS under right circumstances. CNS repair generally not possible. limited by glial cells acting as 'glue' |
| factors influencing PNS nerve regeneration | location of injury (further away from soma, more likely), type of injury (crushed more likely than cut), inflammatory response/scarring |
| what factors LIMIT PNS nerve regeneration | myelin differences, increased scar formation |
| 4 general regions of CNS | forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord |
| 4 general structures in forebrain | cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus |
| 3 general structures of midbrain | Tectum (ceiling of midbrain, which houses corpora quadrigemina --> superior/inferior colliculi), cerebral peduncles, tegmentum (think floor of midbrain) |
| What two structures in brain are bundles of myelinated white matter | corpus callosum, cerbral peduncles |
| 3 general structures of hindbrain | cerebellum, pons, medulla |
| What region of the brain houses the reticular formation | the brainstem; invovling midbrain, pons and medulla |
| What is reticular formation | collection of nerve bodies (nuclein) in brainstem |
| 2 functions of reticular formation | vital reflexes (CV/resp) and wakefulness via reticular activating system (RAS) |
| what comprises the cerebral cortex | peripheral gray matter (cell bodies)and underlying white matter (myelinated fibers) |
| What is the corpus callosum | wide bundle of axons just beneath cortex, largest white matter structure in brain |
| What is function of corpus callosum | connects cerebral hemispheres and mediates communication between them |
| What is notable about the central sulcus | it divides primary somatic motor (anterior) from the primary somatic sensory (posterior) |
| What are the 4 lobes of the brain | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
| main functions of frontal lobe | conscious thought, mood, social |
| main functions of parietal lobe | integrate sensory, sensory association, part of Wernickes here |
| main functuions of temporal lobe | primary auditory, secondary sensory association, part of wernickes, smell/sound/complex stimuli (faces, scenes) |
| main functions of occipal lobe | light, vesion. if lesioned here --> hallucinations |
| where is the primary somatic motor region located | in the frontal lobe, just anterior to the central sulcus |
| where is the primary somatic sensory region located | in the parietal lobe, just posterior to the central sulcus |
| In what two lobes are Wernickes | parietal and temporal lobes |
| where is broca's | in the prefrontal region of the frontal lobe |
| What region receives/understand's speech | wernicke's in the temporal/parietal lobe |
| what region delivers speech | brocas in the prefrontal of fronal lobe |
| The forebrain can be divided into these embryonic structures | telencepelon, diencephalon |
| what structures are in the telencephalon of the forebrain | cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, cerebrum, limbic system, basal ganglia |
| what structures are in the diencephalon of the forebrain | thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus |
| where is the basal ganglia and their function | located in telencephalon of forebrain -->gray areas of cerebrum that fine tune motor movement |
| where is the thalaums and its function | diencephalone of forebrain-->integration center for afferent impulses destined for cerebral cortex |
| where is the hypothalamus and its function | diencephalon of forebrain --> homeostasis, behavioral pattern implementation |
| where is the epithalamus and its function | diencephalon of forebrain --> pineal gland for circadian rhythms, involved in limbic system |
| where is subthalamus and its function | diencephalon of forebrain --> motor activity |
| what is the prefrontal area involved with | concentration, memory, thought elaboration, inhibition of limbic/vegetative areas |
| what areas of the body are most represented by the primary somatic sensory area (homunculus) | hand, face, tongue (most senstivie organs have most neuronal action0 |
| what areas of the primary somatic motor area are most represented | those invoving more complex movement like hand, fingers and tongue (used for speech) |
| where are basal ganglia located and what do they do | in the forebrain (telencephalon) - gray areas deep within white areas of cerebrum --> motor fine tuning |
| what diseases result due to damage of basal ganglia | Parkinson's and Huntington's (chorea = involuntary 'dancing' type movement) |
| Limbic system consists of which structures | hippocampus, amygdala, portions of thalamus, limbic cortex, fornix |
| function of limbic system | primitive emotion/behaviors, smell (close proximity to olfactory bulbs), biological rhythms |
| what mediatates limbic response | connections between limbic system and prefontal cortex, which modulates the limbic response to more appropriate one |
| what parts of the brain are involved with motor function | primary/motor association, subthalamus, cerebellum |
| what comprises the midbrain | corpora quadrigmina (sup/inf colliculi), tegmentum (includes red nucleus, substantia niagra), cerebral peduncles |
| what is red nucleus function | main output of basal ganglia |
| what does substantia niagra do | makes dopamine (hence its involvement in Parkinson's) |
| In the midbrain, what comprises the tegmentum | red nucleus, substantia niagra, cerebral peduncles |
| What is the hindbrain composed of | pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum |
| function of cerebellum | reflexive, involuntary motor refinement, balance/posture |
| function of pons | respiratory center relays info from cerebellum to brainstem (similar to corpus collosum) |
| functions of medulla oblongata | heart rate, respiration, cough/sneeze, swallow/vomit |
Created by:
lorrelaws
Popular Nursing sets