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5: Inflamm/Infection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acute inflammation | inflammation of less than two weeks duration often associated with bacterial infections and usually characterized by the presence of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages |
| basophils | blue-staining granulocytes that carry an IgE receptor and contain cytoplasmic granules filled with biologically active enzymes and cytokines that mediate the inflammatory process |
| capsid | the protective protein covering over the nucleotide genome of a virus |
| chemoprophylaxis | primary prevention of infectious diseases by administering antimicrobial drugs to prevent infection |
| chronic inflammation | inflammation of more than two weeks duration characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells and often associated with endogenous infectious agents such as viruses or intracellular bacteria or the presence of a foreign body |
| colonization | the persistence of potentially pathogenic infectious agents in living tissue without causing tissue damage or disease |
| edema | swelling of tissue |
| endotoxins | constituents primarily of bacterial cell walls that cause cellular or tissue damage, often mediated by the host immune response |
| eosinophils | red-staining granulocytes that contain biologically active proteins and enzymes that mediate defense against parasitic infections. Eosinophils also produce cytokines that down-regulate the inflammatory response, remodel extracellular matrix during tissue |
| erythema | redness of the skin associated with inflammation |
| exotoxins | agents produced and released primarily by bacteria into the environment that disrupt cell function and/or cause cell and tissue damage |
| fungi | any of a variety of spore producing plants that can cause a wide variety of diseases ranging from acute irritation to chronic inflammation and potentially life threatening infection, especially among individuals with immune compromise |
| gonorrhea | a bacterial sexually-transmitted disease |
| granulocytes | a major group of white blood cells that have irregular, lobed nuclei and granules in their cytoplasm |
| granulomas | areas of tissue damage caused by chronic inflammation characterized by large areas of tissue destruction surrounded by fibrous elements of extracellular matrix and the presence of large, bizarre inflammatory cells |
| infectious hepatitis | an inflammatory disease of the liver caused by any of at least six different viruses. The most prevalent form is hepatitis B |
| infection | disease caused when the virulence of microbiologic agents overcomes host immune defenses resulting in tissue invasion and damage |
| inflammation | the localized reaction that occurs in tissue in response to an infection or physical or chemical injury |
| leukocytes | white blood cells |
| lymphocytes | a subgroup of mononuclear cells that includes the T and B cells that mediate immune reactions |
| malaria | a protozoan disease transmitted by mosquitoes characterized by high fevers and systemic infection that may cause death |
| mast cells | cells that are similar to basophils in form and function that originate in the bone marrow and migrate to connective tissue surrounding blood vessels |
| monocytes | a subgroup of mononuclear cells that are called monocytes when they are in the bloodstream and macrophages when they are in tissues. These cells are the APC's that mediate endocytosis and presentation of antigen to T and B cells during immune reactions |
| mononuclear cells | a major group of white blood cells that have round non-segmented nuclei and smooth cytoplasm |
| neutrophils | non-staining granulocytes that contain digestive endosomes and are the principal mediators of phagocytosis |
| parasites | primarily protozoa and worms that cause chronic inflammation and disease by invading tissues, often as a consequence of consuming contaminated food or water |
| pathogenic | disease-causing |
| permeability | a porous condition or state of cells or tissues that allows liquids to pass through them |
| phagocytes | cells capable of phagocytosis including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages |
| platelets | specialized blood cells that interact with coagulation proteins in the blood to form clots and stop bleeding from damaged blood vessels |
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte or PMN | another term for granulocyte |
| protozoa | single celled animals |
| schistosomes | any of a variety of fluke-like worms that cause parasitic infections of the liver, intestines, and bladder associated with chronic inflammation and extensive tissue damage |
| syphilis | a bacterial sexually-transmitted disease |
| tuberculosis | a chronic inflammatory disease that usually originates in the lungs but may spread throughout the body caused by an intracellular bacterium capable of developing resistance to multiple antibiotics |
| virulence | the degree of damage or injury that a toxin or infectious agent is capable of causing to cells, tissues, or living organisms |
Created by:
kvp
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