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Clinical Oral Pathol
Vet Dentistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is MACRODONTIA? | Crown is oversized but the root and pulp cavity are normal |
| What is TAURODONTIA? What dog breed is this seen in? | Crown and pulp chamber are enlarged while the root is typically small Boxers |
| What is a PEG TOOTH? | small, conical or cone shaped tooth with a single cusp |
| What is MICRODONTIA? | the crown has a normal shape but is small |
| What is DENS IN DENTE? | "tooth within a tooth" forms when the top of the tooth bud folds onto itself producing additional layers of enamel, cementum, dentin, or pulp inside the tooth as it develops |
| What is a FUSION TOOTH? | 2 separate tooth buds joined at the crown by enamel and possibly dentin |
| What is CONCRESCENCE? | fusion of the cementum and sometimes dentin of two teeth only along their roots |
| What is a GEMINATION tooth? | The developing bud attempted to split but failed |
| What is TWINNING? | occurs when there has been a complete cleavage of the splitting gemination bud, with the extra tooth being a mirror image of the original |
| What are SHELL TEETH? | little or no root development but there is a crown |
| What is AMELOGENESIS IMPREFECTA? | hereditary reduction in the amount of enamel matrix laid down during formation |
| What is the clinical appearance of ENAMEL HYPOCALCIFICATION? What is one viral cause? | enamel pitting, discoloration Canine distemper virus |
| What effect do tetracycline compounds have on teeth? | causes intrinsic dental staining |
| What terms describe missing teeth? | hypodontia oligodontia |
| What term describes that all teeth are missing? | anodontia |
| What is an operculum? | A thick, fibrous gingival covering an impacted tooth |
| What part of the palate is affected by a primary cleft? | defect between the incisal bone and maxilla: anterior lesion lateral to midline |
| What is another term for cleft lip? | cheiloschisis |
| What breeds are most often affected by craniomandibular osteopathy? | West Highland White Scottish Cairn terriers |
| What is the common underlying pathology of rubber jaw? | renal dysplasia, secondary renal hyperparathyroidism Generalized osteodystrophy is more common in older animals |
| What is the definition of EROSION? | external loss of tooth hard tissue due to a chemical process without active bacterial involvement |
| What is the general cause of external resorption? | inflammatory response of surrounding alveolar bone and/or periodontal ligament |
| What is the general cause of internal resorption? | Inflammation of the pulpal tissue |
| What is a common cause of external resorption? | mechanical forces of mastication, esp. when exaggerated |
| What is ABFRACTION? | Tooth flexure resulting from mastication that causes imperceptible cracks or chips at the CEJ |
| How do carious lesions develop? | Acidic products from bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates decalcify inorganic material of enamel and dentin |
| What is a PYOGENIC GRANULOMA? | granulomatous reaction to irritation at a specific site: red, friable proliferation of the gingival margin |
| Where are draining fistulae generally located when caused by periodontal abscess? | Coronal to mucogingival margin |
| Where are draining fistulae generally located when caused by endodontic abscess? | apical to mucogingival margin |
| List additional names for ULCEROMEMBRANOUS STOMATITIS | Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Vincent's stomatitis trench mouth |
| Where does ulceromembranous stomatitis classically appear first? | ulceration of the interdental papillae or marginal gingiva |
| What is the suspected cause of ulceromembranous stomatitis ? | opportunistic oral flora (spirochetes, fusiform bacteria) synergistically act in the presence of oral insult or poor oral hygiene |
| What is characteristic appearance of mycotic stomatitis? | Ulcers coated with white plaque, primarily located on the tongue and at mucocutaneous margins |
| What systemic auto-immune diseases can cause mucosal ulceration in dogs? | Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| What is toxic epidermal necrolysis? | acute, severe hypersensitivity rxn to drugs (penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, chlorhexidine) |
| What sequellae of Diabetes Mellitus can enhance progression of periodontitis? | Xerostomia, vasculitis |
| What sequellae of Renal Failure affect the oral cavity? | uremic ulceration Elevated salivary ammonia levels |
| What is calcinosis circumscripta? | white, chalky/gritty nodules in the tongue and buccal mucosa. Idiopathic. Seen in large breed dogs. Can progres to shallow ulcerations |
| Which organ/tissue in the mouth has the highest cellular turnover rate? | Tongue |
| What vitamin deficiency often manifests in oral disease? | Vit B: niacin, biotin, riboflavin Vit C |
| What mineral deficiency will result in rubber jaw? | Calcium, deficiency -->secondary hyperparathyroidism |
| What nutrient excess may cause proliferative gingiva and affect the incisors in cats? | Vit A |
| What infectious agents have a predilection for the tongue? | Calicivirus Herpesvirus Rhinotracheitis virus Leptospira canicola |
| How can hypothyroidism affect the tongue? | macroglossia |
| How does hypoparathyroidism affect the tongue? | Ulceration and necrosis o f the tip |
| What nutritional deficiency will manifest in the lips? | Niacin |
| How does MANDIBULAR NEUROPRAXIA present? | Dropped-open mouth that can be closed passively with little effort (tx w/rest and conservative support) |
| What is the radiographic diagnostic threshold for detecting metastatic lesions? | 0.5- 1 cm diameter |
| What is a radiographically diagnostic sign of a dentigerous cyst? | distinct radiolucen area around the crown of an embedded tooth |
| What type of epulis can resemble gingival hyperplasia? | Fibromatous epulis |
| What is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs? | Melanosarcoma |
| What is the most common malignant oral tumor in cats? | Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| What is the second most common malignant oral tumor in dogs? | Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| What are the 2 types of SCC? Which has the better prognosis? | Tonsillar and Non-tonsillar (better px) |
| What is the third most common tumor in dogs? What is typical signalment at onset? | Fibrosarcoma male dogs >7.5 years old |
| What is the most common tumor in the tongue? | SCC |
| What 2 acid producing bacteria are the primary initiators of human caries? JVD Fall 2012 | Streptococcus mutans, Lactoobacilli sp. |
| What is the definition of dental caries? JVD Fall 2012 | decalcification of the mineralized dental components followed by disintegration and destruction of the orgnic fibrous and cellular components by acid producing bacteria |
| What are 2 subclassifications of dentigerous cysts? JVD Winter 2012 | eruption or follicular cysts |
| From what tissues can an odontogenic cyst arise? JVD Winter 2012 | tooth germ, enamel epithelium of a tooth crown, epithelial rests of Malassez, dental lamina remnants, or the basal layer of the oral epithelium |
| How does a dentigerous cyst develop? JVD Winter 2012 | fluid accumulates in the area between the reduced enamel epithelium and the crown of the impacted or unerupted tooth |
| What are 4 different auto-immune diseases that can present with mucosal ulcerations in the mouth (i.e. ddx for CUPS)? Which one is NOT a vesiculobullous dz? JVD Spring 2011 | mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), bullous pemphigoid (BP), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), lupus erythematosis (systemic or discoid) LE is not a vesiculobullous dz |
| When there are mucosal ulcerations in the mouth, what is a clinical give-away that it is more likely caused by auto-immune dz rather than CUPS? JVD Spring 2011 | other cutaneous or mucous membrane lesions generally indicated it is AI-dz |
| What is craniomandibular osteopathy? What breed/group is it most common in? JAAHA 2011 | bilateral, irregular, ossoeproliferative, nonneoplastic disease of dogs that usually affects the bones of the cranium. Terrier group |
| How does azotemia result in oral ulcerations? JVD Fall 2011 | excessive urea in saliva is metabolized by bacteria into ammonia which is irritating to oral mucosa, causing vasculitis, leading to ulceration necrosis and or sloughing of mucosa |
| What 2 viruses can cause lingual ulcerations in cats? JVD Fall 2011 | feline calicivirus (most common) and FHV-1 (rhinotracheitis) |
| What is the characteristic radiographic finding in puppies with mandibular periostitis ossificans? JVD Fall 2010 | two-layered ventral mandibular cortex |
| What is hyperostosis? Where can it occur? JVD Fall 2010 | excessive periosteal bone deposition: any bone formed intrramembraneously (i.e. circumferentially around long bones, mandible, cranial vault) |
| Altho periostitis ossificans (PO) shares some similarities with craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO), what features are distinct for CMO? JVD Fall 2010 | signs of CMO: fever, painful bilat. swelling, hyperostosis of mandibles, bullae, bones of cranium (Westies, Scotties, Cairn Terriers...Akita) |
| What is pericoronitis? JVD Fall 2010 | inflammation of the gingiva in relation to the crown of an incompletely erupted tooth...it is exacerbated by trauma, occlusion, and FB which may result in a suppurative lesion, swelling, and lymphadenitis |
| What is the AVDC definition of enamel hypoplasia? | inadequate deposition of enamel matrix |
| What is the genetic basis for amelogenesis imperfecta in humans? JVD Winter 2010 | autosomal-dominant trait (enamel hypocalcification and hypoplasia) |
| What is the difference between enamel hypocalcification and enamel hypoplasia? JVD Winter 2010 | hypocalcification (hereditary, defective maturation of ameloblasts) = undercalcified teeth are soft/chalky hypoplasia= thin enamel that is hard |
| What is a mucocele? JVD Winter 2010 | an accumulation of saliva in the SQ tissue and consequent tissue rxn to saliva. it has a nonepithelial, nonsecretory lining sonsisting primarily of fibroblasts and capillaries |
| Which salivary gland (and which portion of it) is most commonly associated with mucoceles? JVD Winter 2010 | sublingual salivary gland (rostral portion) |
| Where do salivary mucocele's usually form? What are 2 other common locations? JVD Winter 2010 | intermandibular area (cervical mucocele) sublingual, pharyngeal |
| What is the tx recommendation for salivary mucoceles? JVD Winter 2010 | surgical removal of the salivary gland/duct complex which is the origin of the mucocele (usually mandibular and sublingual glands are both removed b/c they are so intimately oriented) and passive drainage of the mucocele. |
| Is it recommended to attempt to dissect and remove a mucocele? Why? JVD Winter 2010 | No, because they extend through various local tissue planes and will resolve just by removing the source gland/duct and draining them |
| What cat breed appears to be at higher risk for feline orofacial pain syndrome? 2010 J Feline Med Surg | Burmese |
| What factors/events have been associated as triggers for feline orofacial pain syndrome? 2010 J Feline Med Surg | toot eruption, stressful events, other dental dz |
| What is the clinical characteristic of feline orofacial pain syndrome? 2010 J Feline Med Surg | episodic, typically unilateral, discomfort with pain-free intervals. The discomfort is triggered, in many cases, by mouth movements |
| What is a dentigerous cyst? JVD Summer 2009 | a cyst that encloses part or the entire crown of an impacted or late-erupting tooth |
| What is a characteristic radiograhic finding in cases of dentigerous cyst? JVD Summer 2009 | an unerupted tooth embedded in an osseous cyst wall |
| What is the histologic character of the lining of a dentigerous cyst? JVD Summer 2009 | non-keratinized stratified flattened epithelium which is immunoreactive for amelogenin and ssDNA |
| What is the pathological hallmark of acitnomycosis? Are there other disease where this finding may exist? JVD Summer 2009 | demonstration of sulphur granules from infected tissue. Yes, (other diseases that may include this finding are nocardiosis, chromomycosis, eumycetoma, botryomycosis) |
| What are proposed causes of open mouth jaw locking due to ventrolateral displacement of the coronoid mandibular process? JVD winter 2009 | TMJ dysplasia, excessive mandibular symphyseal laxity, skull conformation, degenerative changes of TMJ soft tissues, spasticity of pterygoid muscles |
| What cat breeds are 'over' represented in literature about open mouth jaw locking? JVD Winter 2009 | siamese and persian |
| What are 2 most common surgical techniques used to treat open mouth jaw locking? JVD winter 2009 | partial coronoidectomy, partial zygomectomy |
| What is Wegener's Granulomatosis? JVD winter 2006 | autoimmune (micro)vasculitis manifested in gingival tissue in a dog (but which often affects the repiratory and urinary tracts in humans) |
| What is a classic clinical appearance of Wegener's granulomatosis in a canine with affected oral mucosa? JVD winter 2006 | Strawberry gingivitis |
| What is a "pink tooth of mummery"? 2002 Vet clin small anim | a tooth that has internal resoprtion within the crown, giving it a pinkish color |
| What species besides domestic cats have been shown to develop TR? 2002 summer JVD | wild cats, dogs, people, pigs, rats, mice, marmosets |
| What is the etiology of fibrous dysplasia of bone? is it malignant? JVD summer 2002 | development dz, benign |
| What are 3 benign tumor lesions found on intramembranous bone? JVD summer 2002 | fibrous dysplasia, osteoma, ossifying fibroma |
| What is the difference between condensing osteitis and idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO)? JVD spring 2014 | radiogrpahically = but osteitis is dx'd if rad changes are associated with an endodontically compromised tooth (and/or clinical signs are present). If teeth associated w/bone lesion are normal, it is IO |
| Where are pyogenic granulomas consistently located in cats? JVD summer 2009 | buccal mucosal margin of mandibular M1 |
| What is the most common underlying etiology of pyogenic granulomas in cats? JVD summer 2009 | traumatic occlusion w/the cusp of maxillary PM4s |
| What tx is recommended for pyogenic granulomas in cats? JVD summer 2014 | excision of the mass and either odontoplasty or extraction of the ipsilateral max. PM4 +/- extraction of mand M1 |
| Is bacteria the cause of pyogenic granuloma? JVD summer 2014 | no, the cause is inflammatory |
| What are 6 possible causes of open mouth jaw locking in cats? JVD fall 2014 | TMJ luxation, TMJ fx, caudal mandibular fx, impingement of the coronoid process of the mandible on the zygomatic arch, mechanical obstruction (teeth), neuropathy |
Created by:
lamarron
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