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Regurgitant Formulas
Cardiac Regurgitant Formulas for Cath Lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Forward Stroke Volume Formula | Fick CO / HR |
| Fick CO divided by Heart Rate | FSV mL |
| Total Stroke Volume | End diastolic Volume MINUS End Systolic Volume = mL |
| TSV= | EDV-ESV |
| Left Ventricular Minute Flow (LVMF) | Total Stroke Volume X Heart Rate then move three steps back! |
| LVMF= | TSV X HR then LEFT 3 SPACES L/min |
| Ejection Fraction % | Total Stroke Volume DIVIDED BY End Diastolic Volume ***then 2 spaces to the right** |
| EF % = | TSV / EDV **Move decimal 2 spaces to the right** |
| Regurgitant Volume (Flow) | Total Stroke Volume - Forward Stroke Volume |
| Regurgitant Flow | TSV-FSV |
| Regurgitant Fraction | Regurgitant volume DIVIDED BY Total Stroke Volume |
| Regurgitant Ratio | Regurgitant flow / TSV |
| TSV-FSV = | REGURGITANT VOLUME (Flow) |
| Regurgitant volume / total stroke volume= | Regurgitant Ratio |
| What kind of flow across the valves does regurgitation demonstrate? | Bi-directional |
| What types of flow are seen across regurgitant valves? | (FSV) Forward SV and (TSV) Total SV |
| What effect does regurgitation have on cardiac output and why? | Increases, due to increase in volume with each beat |
| What effect does regurgitation have on the left ventricular minute flow (LVMF)? | Will be larger than traditional CO |
| Should Fick CO or Thermodilution CO be used when determining regurgitation? | Fick CO |
| What pressures do you check to determine MR? | Elevated "v" wave in the PCWP |
| What pressures do you check to determine TR? | Elevated "v" wave in the RA |
| What are the diastolic effects of MR? | * LV diastolic volume overload and LV dilatation/hypertrophy. * * Decreased CO in AO * LA volume overload and atrial dilatation |
| What are the systolic effects of MR? | * Initial increase in left "atrial kick" as well as LV SV and CO occur as a result of diastolic effects (early in chronic cases) |
| What are the systolic effects of severe MR? | Decreased SV and CO and increased systemic afterload |
| What factors determine hemodynamic effects in MR? | * Size of regurgitant orifice * LV Systolic Pressure *LA compliance (becomes rigid, cannot sustain volume overload *Degree of acuity (how acute is it?) |
| What are the causes of MR? | * Abnormally shaped valve leaflets. * Anatomical defects in structures surrounding valve |
| What are the structures surrounding the MV and TV? | * Chordae Tendonea * Papillary muscles * Valve annulus |
| What refers to the backward flow of blood from LV to LA during systole due to inadequate valve closure? | Mitral Regurgitation |
| When does regurgitation show? | When valves are closed |
| Mitral Regurgitation is a *(high or low)* cardiac output state | low cardiac output ****MR is LOCO***** |
| What cardiac rhythm is most commonly associated with MR? | A-fib |
| Acute mitral regurgitation causes... | a sudden volume overload of both the left atrium and the left ventricle. |
| The combination of the forward stroke volume and the regurgitant volume is known as the | total stroke volume of the left ventricle |
| Regurgitant volume causes a volume overload and a pressure overload of the | LA |
| With Chronic MR, the left ventricle develops eccentric hypertrophy in order to better manage the larger than normal | stroke volume (SV) |
Created by:
CVTMom
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